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Physiology > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Synarthrosis

A

immovable

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2
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable

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3
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely moveable

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4
Q

fibrous bone structure

A

bones fastened together by thin layers of fibrous C.T.

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5
Q

syndesmosis (fibrous)

A

bones joined by interosseous ligament (fibrous band)

amphiarthrosis

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6
Q

suture (fibrous)

A

only between skull bones

very short sutural ligament joins bones (fibrous band)

(synarthrosis)

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7
Q

gomphosis (fibrous)

A

between tooth root and bony socket

short periodontal ligaments join them

(synarthrosis)

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8
Q

cartilaginous bony structure

A

connection consists of hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage

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9
Q

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

A

bones joined by plate of hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate)

(synarthrosis)

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10
Q

symphysis (cartilaginous)

A

articular surfaces covered in thin layer of hyaline cartilage attached to a pad of fibrocartilage

(amphiarthrosis)

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11
Q

synovial

A

space between articulating bones filled with synovial fluid

diarthrosis

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12
Q

synovial structure

A

articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

joint capsule surrounds joint

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13
Q

joint capsule composed of:

A

fibrous layer/membrane and a synovial membrane

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14
Q

fibrous layer/membrane

A

(capsular ligament) thick fibrous outer layer that runs with the periosteum

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15
Q

synovial membrane

A

thin inner membrane covering all non-cartilaginous surfaces

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16
Q

synovial membrane composed of:

A

fibrous layer: deep; collagen fibers and fibroblasts

cellular layer: superficial; synoviocytes, blood vessels, and collagen fibers

17
Q

Macrophage-like cells (synovial membrane)

A

more superficial; phagocytic

18
Q

fibroblast-like cells (synovial membrane)

A

deeper; produce hyaluronic acid

19
Q

synovial cavity

A

interior of joint filled with synovial fluid

20
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous; gel like fluid made of hyaluronic acid and blood plasma (acts as a lubricant, provides cushion, and nutrients)

21
Q

Articular disk/meniscus

A

fibrocartilage pad located between articular surfaces (shock absorber and stabilizer)

22
Q

Bursa

A

closed synovial fluid filled sac (cushion)

23
Q

Ball and socket (spheroidal)

A

globular/spehroidal surface of one bone articulates with cup shape surface of another (typically shoulder and hip)

multiaxial

diarthroidal

24
Q

condyloid (ellipsoidal)

A

convex oval shaped surface of one bone articulates with a concave elliptical surface of another bone (wrist joint, MP joints, and tarsals too)

biaxial

25
Q

saddle (sellar)

A

both articulating surfaces have concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another (trapezium and 1st metacarpal)

biaxail

26
Q

gliding (arthrodial)

A

articulating surfaces are nearly flat

nonaxial

27
Q

hinge (ginglymoidal)

A

convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another

uniaxial

28
Q

pivot (trochoidal)

A

cylindrical pin of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament

uniaxial

29
Q

angular movement (synovial)

A

movements within a sagittal plane of the body
-flexion, extension, and hyperextension (ankle too)

movements in the coronal plane
-abduction and adduction

30
Q

circular (synovial)

A

rotation: movement around in long axis
- supination and pronation at prox. radioulnar joint

circumduction: distal end moves in circle but prox. end remains fairly fixed

31
Q

inversion

A

movement of foot medially

32
Q

eversion

A

movement of foot laterally

33
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of bone from joint

34
Q

sprains

A

overstretching or tearing of ligamentous tissue

35
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

36
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints

inflammation of synovial membrane with abnormal joint secretions and eventual joint fusion

typically bilateral in hands and feet; genetic

37
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of synovial joints through wear and tear

large-weight bearing joints, high use, or joints with previous trauma

late age onset

often a accessory bone at periphery of joint surfaces

Physiology (3 decks)

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