Arthrology

Question 1

Synarthrosis

Answer 1

immovable

Question 2

amphiarthrosis

Answer 2

slightly moveable

Question 3

diarthrosis

Answer 3

freely moveable

Question 4

fibrous bone structure

Answer 4

bones fastened together by thin layers of fibrous C.T.

Question 5

syndesmosis (fibrous)

Answer 5

bones joined by interosseous ligament (fibrous band)

amphiarthrosis

Question 6

suture (fibrous)

Answer 6

only between skull bones

very short sutural ligament joins bones (fibrous band)

(synarthrosis)

Question 7

gomphosis (fibrous)

Answer 7

between tooth root and bony socket

short periodontal ligaments join them

(synarthrosis)

Question 8

cartilaginous bony structure

Answer 8

connection consists of hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage

Question 9

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

Answer 9

bones joined by plate of hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate)

(synarthrosis)

Question 10

symphysis (cartilaginous)

Answer 10

articular surfaces covered in thin layer of hyaline cartilage attached to a pad of fibrocartilage

(amphiarthrosis)

Question 11

synovial

Answer 11

space between articulating bones filled with synovial fluid

diarthrosis

Question 12

synovial structure

Answer 12

articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

joint capsule surrounds joint

Question 13

joint capsule composed of:

Answer 13

fibrous layer/membrane and a synovial membrane

Question 14

fibrous layer/membrane

Answer 14

(capsular ligament) thick fibrous outer layer that runs with the periosteum

Question 15

synovial membrane

Answer 15

thin inner membrane covering all non-cartilaginous surfaces

Question 16

synovial membrane composed of:

Answer 16

fibrous layer: deep; collagen fibers and fibroblasts

cellular layer: superficial; synoviocytes, blood vessels, and collagen fibers

Question 17

Macrophage-like cells (synovial membrane)

Answer 17

more superficial; phagocytic

Question 18

fibroblast-like cells (synovial membrane)

Answer 18

deeper; produce hyaluronic acid

Question 19

synovial cavity

Answer 19

interior of joint filled with synovial fluid

Question 20

synovial fluid

Answer 20

viscous; gel like fluid made of hyaluronic acid and blood plasma (acts as a lubricant, provides cushion, and nutrients)

Question 21

Articular disk/meniscus

Answer 21

fibrocartilage pad located between articular surfaces (shock absorber and stabilizer)

Question 22

Bursa

Answer 22

closed synovial fluid filled sac (cushion)

Question 23

Ball and socket (spheroidal)

Answer 23

globular/spehroidal surface of one bone articulates with cup shape surface of another (typically shoulder and hip)

multiaxial

diarthroidal

Question 24

condyloid (ellipsoidal)

Answer 24

convex oval shaped surface of one bone articulates with a concave elliptical surface of another bone (wrist joint, MP joints, and tarsals too)

biaxial

Question 25

saddle (sellar)

Answer 25

both articulating surfaces have concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another (trapezium and 1st metacarpal) biaxail

Question 26

gliding (arthrodial)

Answer 26

articulating surfaces are nearly flat nonaxial

Question 27

hinge (ginglymoidal)

Answer 27

convex cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with concave cylindrical surface of another uniaxial

Question 28

pivot (trochoidal)

Answer 28

cylindrical pin of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament uniaxial

Question 29

angular movement (synovial)

Answer 29

movements within a sagittal plane of the body -flexion, extension, and hyperextension (ankle too) movements in the coronal plane -abduction and adduction

Question 30

circular (synovial)

Answer 30

rotation: movement around in long axis - supination and pronation at prox. radioulnar joint circumduction: distal end moves in circle but prox. end remains fairly fixed

Question 31

inversion

Answer 31

movement of foot medially

Question 32

eversion

Answer 32

movement of foot laterally

Question 33

dislocation

Answer 33

displacement of bone from joint

Question 34

sprains

Answer 34

overstretching or tearing of ligamentous tissue

Question 35

bursitis

Answer 35

inflammation of a bursa

Question 36

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 36

autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints inflammation of synovial membrane with abnormal joint secretions and eventual joint fusion typically bilateral in hands and feet; genetic

Question 37

osteoarthritis

Answer 37

degeneration of synovial joints through wear and tear large-weight bearing joints, high use, or joints with previous trauma late age onset often a accessory bone at periphery of joint surfaces