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A&P1 Exam1 > integumentary > Flashcards

integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

skin comprises what percentage of total body weight

A

7%

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2
Q

Where are Langerhans cells most commonly found

A

stratum spinosum

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3
Q

the layers of the epidermis from most basal to most superficial are

A

germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

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4
Q

what is the function of tonofilaments in the epidermis

A

they form keratin and attach intracellularly to desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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5
Q

how many layers comprise the spinosum

A

8-10

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6
Q

What accounts for the spinosum’s distinct appearance

A

courser keratin

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7
Q

What non-keratinocytes are found in the spinosum

A

Langerhans and processes of melanocytes

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8
Q

desmosomes are most prominent at which epidermal layer

A

spinosum

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9
Q

major function of the stratum spinosum

A

strength and flexibility

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10
Q

how many layers make up the granulosum

A

3-5

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11
Q

At which layer are cells undergoing apoptosis

A

granulosum

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12
Q

what molecule causes the dark staining of granulosum kerationcytes

A

keratohyaline

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13
Q

what structure is responsible for waterproofing the skin

A

lamellar granules and their lipid-rich secretions (found in the stratum granulosum)

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14
Q

How many layers in stratum lucidum

A

4-6

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15
Q

How many layers in the stratum corneum

A

25-30

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16
Q

The layer that divides metabolically active cells and cells that have died

A

Granulosum

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17
Q

How long does the process of keratinizations from production to sloughing take? What influences this rate

A

4-6 weeks, epidermal growth factor

18
Q

Which layer of the dermis is thickest and what fibers compose this layer

A

reticular layer - elastic and collagen

19
Q

At what month of gestation do epidermal ridges form

A

3rd month

20
Q

The two types of melanin

A

yellow/red pheomelanin and brown/black eumelanin

21
Q

the two types of sudoriferous glands and their classification for secretion

A

eccrine and apocrine are both merocrine

22
Q

What additional substances are secreted from apocrine glands (more so than eccrine)

A

lipids and protein

23
Q

3 regions where sebaceous glands are found

A

hair, lips, glans penis, labia minora, tarsal glands of eyelids

24
Q

The three portions of a hair

A

shaft root bulb

25
Q

The three layers of a hair

A

medulla cortex cuticle

26
Q

the layer of the hair making up the MAJORITY of the hair and consists of ELONGATED cells

A

cortex

27
Q

The layer of the hair that consists of 2-3 layers of IRREGULARLY shaped cells that contain PIGMENT

A

medulla

28
Q

The 2 regions of the follicle (surrounding the hair)

A

internal root sheath and external root sheath

29
Q

OUTERMOST layer surrounding the hair follicle

A

dermal root sheath

30
Q

papilla

A

region in the bulb of the hair/follicle where dermis containing blood vessels projects into the bulb

31
Q

region of the bulb where active cell division occurs

A

hair matrix

32
Q

3 structures assoc with hair follicle

A

sebaceous, nerve root plexus, erector pili

33
Q

3 stages of hair growth and which is the longest

A

growth regression and resting. longest is 2-6 years of growth

34
Q

growth rate for nails

A

1mm/week

35
Q

the word for cuticle

A

eponychium

36
Q

4 vitamins absorbed at the skin

A

A,D,E,K

37
Q

What is excreted through the skin

A

ammonia, water+salts, urea, carbon dioxide

38
Q

What does healing by primary intent mean

A

the edges of a wound are brought together (either naturally or via sutures, staples, glue)

39
Q

The four stages of deep wound healing

A

Inflammatory phase, migratory, proliferative, and maturation

40
Q

how are collagen fibers arranged during proliferative and maturation phases

A

randomly

A&P1 Exam1 (3 decks)

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