Integumentary #2

Question 1

Dermatitis

Answer 1

• inflammatory response of the epidermis
• can be acute or chronic
• causes due to infections, allergies, irritating substances

Question 2

Contact dermatitis

Answer 2

• condition in which the skin becomes red, sore, or inflames after direct contact with a substance
• two types: allergic and irritant
• inflammation intensity related to: concentration of irritant, exposure time, repeated use

Question 3

Contact dermatitis: Irritant

Answer 3

• irritation of the skin due to exposure to substance directly causing damage to the epidermis (soap, acid soln, diaper)
• natural skin moisturizers removed and skin irritated (burn)
• can occur with first time exposure

Question 4

Signs and symptoms of irritant dermatitis

Answer 4

-erythema, pruritus, mild swelling, stiff/tight skin, dry cracked skin

Question 5

Treatment for irritant dermatitis

Answer 5

• avoid the cause
• clean area, apply water repellent emollients
• anti-histamines
• short term steroids
• cool, wet compress

Question 6

Allergic dermatitis

Answer 6

• delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to antigen
• initial exposure causes sensitization
• lesions appear 2-7 days after contact
• common allergens: topical abx, fabrics and clothing, fragrances, nickel or other metals, jewelry, poison ivy

Question 7

Allergic dermatitis signs and symptoms

Answer 7

-erythema, papules/vesicles/bulla, pruritus, takes shape of causative agent

Question 8

Treatment of allergic dermatitis

Answer 8

• remove allergen
• anti-histamines
• cool compresses
• steroids (topical or systemic)

Question 9

Allergic contact dermatitis: Rhus

Answer 9

• contact with a poisonous plant (ivy, oak, sumac)
• washing ASAP minimizes severity and spread
• symptoms occur 24-48 hrs after contact
• S/S: severe itching, red inflammation, blistering, oozing
• disappear in 10 days
• Tx: ASAP, wash skin, anti-histamines, steroids

Question 10

Atopic dermatitis (Eczema)

Answer 10

• chronic and inherited
• remissions and exacerbations are common
• immunological abnormality - elevated IgE
• exaggerated response to environmental allergens
• worse in childhood
• associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Question 11

2 things that are commonly associated with Eczema

Answer 11

• allergic rhinitis

- asthma

Question 12

Signs and symptoms of Eczema

Acute, Subacute, chronic

Answer 12

-common in AC and popliteal spaces of adults
-all stages are itchy
Acute: bright red, oozing vesicles, extreme pruritus
Subacute: scaly plaques
Chronic: thickened skin, lichenification, hypo/hyper pigmentation, dry skin (xerosis)

Question 13

Eczema diagnosis and treatment

Answer 13

• Dx: Health history and exam, family history, patch test
• causes of exacerbations: bacterial infections, temperature extremes, irritating substances, emotional stress
• Tx: NO cure. only control
• -topical steroids, itch relief, phototherapy (severe cases), tx secondary infections

Question 14

Exfoliative dermatitis

Answer 14

• scaling, erythematous dermatitis
• often progresses to desquamation of skin and mucous membranes
• complications due to skin loss: dehydration and PRO loss. hypothermia and infection

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of exfoliative dermatitis

Answer 15

• erythema, scaling, plaques, papules, pruritus, excoriation, secondary infections possible
• caused by pre-existing skin conditions

Question 16

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Syndrome (TENS)

Answer 16

• rare, acute drug reaction of the skin (from meds)
• diffuse erythema
• large blister formation
• affects all ages and genders
• highesy