Integumentary

Question 1

Epithelial Membrane

Answer 1

A thin layer of tissue that covers surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands. It consists of epithelial cells and an underlying layer of connective tissue.

Question 2

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 2

The skin; it consists of an outer epidermis and an underlying dermis. It serves as a protective barrier for the body.

Question 2

Serous Membrane

Answer 2

A smooth membrane that lines certain cavities of the body and covers organs within those cavities, producing a lubricating serous fluid.

Question 3

Mucous Membrane

Answer 3

A membrane that lines body cavities and passages that communicate with the exterior, producing mucus for lubrication and protection.

Question 4

Serous Fluid

Answer 4

A clear, pale yellow fluid produced by serous membranes, which reduces friction between moving organs.

Question 5

Pericardium

Answer 5

A double-walled sac that contains the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer.

Question 5

Peritoneum

Answer 5

A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs.

Question 6

Pleura

Answer 6

The serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity.

Question 6

Synovial Membrane

Answer 6

A membrane that lines the cavities of joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication.

Question 7

Keratin

Answer 7

A fibrous protein found in the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails, providing strength and waterproofing.

Question 7

Integument

Answer 7

Refers to the skin and its associated structures, including hair, nails, and glands.

Question 7

Skin

Answer 7

The outer covering of the body, consisting of multiple layers that protect underlying tissues, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information.

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

The outermost layer of skin, consisting of keratinized epithelial cells and lacking blood vessels.

Question 9

Stratum Basale

Answer 9

The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are generated.

Question 10

Dermis

Answer 10

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, nerve endings, and various glands.

Question 11

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 11

A layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes begin to flatten and accumulate granules of keratohyalin, contributing to keratin formation.

Question 12

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 12

A thin, clear layer of the epidermis found only in thick skin (like the palms and soles) that provides an additional barrier.

Question 12

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 12

The layer above the stratum basale, characterized by spiny appearance due to desmosomal connections between cells.

Question 13

Stratum Corneum

Answer 13

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, flattened keratinized cells that provide a protective barrier.

Question 14

Melanin

Answer 14

A pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin that determines skin color and provides some protection against UV radiation.

Question 15

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 15

Glands in the skin that secrete sebum (oil) to lubricate and protect the skin and hair.

Question 16

Sebum

Answer 16

An oily substance produced by sebaceous glands that helps to moisturize and protect the skin.

Question 17

Eccrine Glands

Answer 17

Sweat glands that are distributed throughout the skin and help regulate body temperature through the production of sweat.

Question 18

Apocrine Glands

Answer 18

Sweat glands located in specific areas (like armpits and groin) that produce a thicker, milky sweat and become active during puberty.

Question 18

Hair Follicles

Answer 18

The structures in the skin that produce hair, anchored in the dermis and surrounded by epithelial tissue.

Question 19

Arrector Pili

Answer 19

Small muscles attached to hair follicles that contract to cause hair to stand upright (goosebumps) in response to cold or fear.

Question 20

Athlete’s Foot

Answer 20

A fungal infection of the skin on the feet, characterized by itching, redness, and peeling.

Question 20

Cold Sores

Answer 20

Fluid-filled blisters caused by the herpes simplex virus, typically occurring around the lips and mouth.

Question 21

Contact Dermatitis

Answer 21

An inflammation of the skin resulting from direct contact with an irritant or allergen, leading to redness, itching, and rash.

Question 21

Boils and Carbuncles

Answer 21

Boils are painful lumps on the skin caused by infected hair follicles, while carbuncles are clusters of boils that form a larger infection.

Question 22

Impetigo

Answer 22

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection, usually affecting young children, characterized by red sores that can rupture and ooze.

Question 23

Psoriasis

Answer 23

A chronic autoimmune condition that leads to the rapid growth of skin cells, resulting in red, scaly patches on the skin.

Question 24

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 24

The most common type of skin cancer, arising from basal cells in the epidermis, usually appearing as a pearly bump or a sore that doesn’t heal.

Question 25

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 25

A type of skin cancer that arises from squamous cells in the epidermis, often appearing as a firm, red nodule or a flat sore.

Question 26

Malignant Melanoma

Answer 26

A serious and aggressive form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, characterized by unusual moles or skin changes and can spread rapidly to other parts of the body.