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Clinical Exams 2013 Fall > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for melanoma from greatest to least?

A 
History of previous melanoma
Mole changing
Male gender
Regular dermatologist absent
Age over 50
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2
Q

What lesions are blanchable?

A
  • Erythema
  • Spider Angioma (liver disease)
  • Spider Vein (varicosities)
  • Cherry Angioma (benign)
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3
Q

If someone comes in with hives, raised itchy wheals, what do they have?

A

urticaria

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4
Q

A patient presents with itching on the skin, what is another term for itching?

A

pruritus

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5
Q

A patient has a red hue due to increased blood flow, what is the medical term for this?

A

erythema

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6
Q

A patient presents with small (1-2 mm) red or purple spots on body, likely caused by broken capillaries, what is the medical term for this?

A

petchiae

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7
Q

A patient presents with a 0.3 to 1 cm red/purple discoloration on the skin that doesn’t blanch when applying pressure. What do they have?

A

purpura

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8
Q

A patient presents with a huge bruise on their hand greater than 3 mm with extravasation of erythrocytes, what do they have?

A

ecchymosis

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9
Q

A patient presents with a mark on their body where connective tissue arose from an old injury or disease, what is this?

A

a scar

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10
Q

A patient shows you that they are losing their hair in a round/oval patch, what is this called?

A

alopecia

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11
Q

A patient presents with a fibrotic scar tissue, where it is hypertrophic and the scarring extends beyond the borders of the initial injury. what is the medical term for this?

A

a keloid

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12
Q

A patient comes in with a leathery induration and thickening of their skin on their foot, what is this called?

A

lichenification

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13
Q

What is the difference between a primary lesion and a secondary lesion?

A

A primary lesion are actual changes in the skin due to a disease process, while secondary lesions are due to external forces that cause changes in primary lesions.

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14
Q

What are examples of primary lesions

A

macule, patch, papule, plaque, nodule, vesicle, bulla, pustule, wheal, tumor

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15
Q

What are examples of a secondary lesion?

A

scale, excoriation, fissure, crust, erosion, ulcer cicatrix, atrophy

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16
Q

What is a small, flat non-palpable lesion (<1cm in diameter)?

A

a macule

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17
Q

A patient presents with a flat, nonpalpable lesion (>1cm in diameter), what is this called?

A

a patch (aka. a large macule)

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18
Q

A patient presents with a small, superficial, circumscribed, palpable lesion elevated about the skin surface (<1 cm in diameter). What is this called?

A

a papule

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19
Q

What is palpable lesion elevated that is elevated above the skin surface and greater than 1 cm in diameter?

A

a plaque

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20
Q

What is a firm (indurated) lesion that is thicker/deeper than an average papule or plaque?

A

a nodule

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21
Q

What is an elevated lesion (blister) that contains clear fluid and is less than one cm in diemter?

A

A vesicle

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22
Q

What is an elevated lesion that contains clear fluid and is greater than one centimeter in diameter?

A

a bulla

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23
Q

What is a superficial elevated lesion containing pus (yellow fluid), protein rich and contains neutrophils?

A

pustule

24
Q

What is a circumscribed, evanescent papule or irregular plaque of edema that is slightly reddened, changes in size and shape, and extends into adjacent areas?

A

a wheal

25
Q

A patient presents with think flakes of dead skin, what is this called?

A

scales

26
Q

A patient presents with linear breaks in the skin surface, covered with blood/serum crusts. What is this called?

A

excoriation

27
Q

A patient presents with a linear crack in the skin due to dryness like athletes foot. What is this called?

A

fissure

28
Q

A patient presents with a hard outer layer/covering formed by dried serum or pus on surface of ruptured blister or pustule. What is this called?

A

A crust

29
Q

A patient presents with a wearing away area of his skin by either friction or pressure (like a shallow ulcer), what is this called?

A

Erosion

30
Q

A patient presents with a lesion on the surface of skin or mucosal surface caused by loss of tissue, with inflammation. What is this called?

A

Ulcer

31
Q

A patient presents with a hypertrophic, keloid scar. what is this called?

A

Cicatrix

32
Q

A patient presents with a wasting of tissues from death, reaborption of cells, decreased cellular volume, pressure, ischemia, malnutrition, or lessened function or hormonal changes. What is this called?

A

Atrophy.

33
Q

What are the features of nail clubbing?

A

bulbous swelling of soft tissue at the nail base. A lose angle between nail and proximal fold and is increased to 10 degrees or more.

34
Q

What are the causes of nail clubbing?

A

vasoidilation, increased blood flow to distal digit, changes in CT, hypoxia, changes in innervation, genetics or PDGF (platelet derived growth factors?)

35
Q

What are associated diseases of nail clubbing?

A

Congenital heart disease, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Malignancies

36
Q

What are the ABCD warning signs associated with malignant melanoma?

A

A for asymmetry of one side of mole compared to the other

B for irregular borders, especially ragged, notched or blurred

C for variation or change in color, especially blue or black

D is for diameter > 6mm or different from others, especially if changing, itching or bleeding.

37
Q

What are physical changes in skin, hair and nails that represent symptoms of disease?

A

Changes in the skin’s color, moisture, texxture, temperature, mobility and turgor, or lesions.

Changes in hair: birttleness and hairloss

Changes in nails: nail bed colors, clubbing, color of nails, brittleness and thickness.

38
Q

What is a cafe-au lait spot?

A

A macule/patch of pigmentation

39
Q

What is a tinea versicolor?

A

A infection, hypopigmented, scaly macule

40
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

loss of pigment completely

41
Q

What is heliotrope?

A

purple eyelids

42
Q

A patient presents with swollen and tender nail folds, what is this called?

A

paronychia

43
Q

A patient presents with ground glass appearance nails with a distal band of red/brown and oliteration of the lunula. What is this called?

A

Terry’s nails

44
Q

A patient presents with white spots on their nails, what is this called?

A

leukoychia

45
Q

A patient presents with transverse white bands on their nails. What is this called?

A

Mees’ lines

46
Q

A patient presents with transverse linear depressions on their nails. What is this called?

A

Beau’s lines

47
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A

A barrier to prevent fluid loss and infection

48
Q

What compounds give skin their color? What color?

A

Melanin (brownish with sun), carotene (golden yellow from fat), and Deoxy/Oxy Hemoglobin (cyanosis or erythematous)

49
Q

What are the cellular components of the skin?

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, and langerhans cells

50
Q

What are the different general layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

51
Q

What is the composition of the subcutaneous tissue?

A

layer of loose CT directly beneath dermis that has adipose cells, fibroblasts, hair follicle roots, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve endings.

52
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

provide circulation, nutrition and support

53
Q

If I see free nerve endings and adipose cells, what layer of tissue am I in?

A

subcutaneous tissue

54
Q

If I see mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, vascular structures and nerves, what layer of the skin am I in?

A

Dermis

55
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Clinical Exams 2013 Fall (6 decks)

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