Cardiac Flashcards
(44 cards)
TART findings around T1-T5 on left side result in what potential viscero disorder?
cardiac disorder
Why do you perform a left lateral decubitus?
To bring out a left-sided S3 and S4 and mitral murmurs, especially MITRAL STENOSIS
Why do you perform a forward leaning?
position brings out aortic murmurs. Listening for AORTIC REGURGITATION.
What is the diagnostic meaning of heaves or lifts?
enlargement of the cardiac muscle or increased pressure
What is the diagnostic meaning of feeling thrills
Signs of turbulence and occur with high-grade heart murmurs (grad IV or higher).
What do jugular veins reflect?
right atrial pressure
What are causes for increased jugular venous pressure/distension?
- Right sided congestive heart failure
- constrictive pericarditis
- tricuspid stenosis
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- 98% specific for increased LV end diastolic pressure and low LV ejection fraction; increased risk of death from heart failure.
If you feel a carotid upstroke when you hear a sound, which sound is this?
S1
If you feel a carotid upstroke when you do not hear a sound, which sound is this?
S2
A delayed carotid upstroke is indicative of what?
aortic stenosis
What does the amplitude of a pulse correlate with?
pulse pressure
Describe the normal contour of carotid impulse.
Upstroke is brisk, summit is smooth, downstroke is less abrupt. All in midsystolic.
What are some dysfunctions in the contour of the pulse wave?
- Pulsus alternans
- bigeminal pulse (beat to beat variation = premature contraction).
- paradoxical pulse (respiratory variation)
When does a normal carotid upstroke occur? Why is this helpful?
after S1 and before S2.
Helpful because it helps in correctly identifying S1 and S2
What does a thrill sound like?
a purring cat/humming vibrations
What does a bruit sound like?
a murmur
Define orthopnea. What is indicative of?
dyspnea that occurs when the patient is lying down and improves when the patient sits up
Indicative of: LV heart failure and mitral stenosis
Define paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea. What is indicative of?
Sudden dyspnea and orthopnea while sleeping
Indicative of LV heart failure and mitro stenosis
What does edema indicative of?
Chronic Heart Failures (CHF)
What is a functional murmur? How does standing and squatting affect a murmur?
A fun murmur is a heart murmur due to physiologic conditions outside the heart. Squatting delays the click and murmur, while standing moves them closer to S1.
Is a mitral stenosis murmur systolic or diastolic? What are some characteristics and timing?
Diastolic (presystolic);
A crescendo murmor grows louder before S1.
Is a mitral regurgitation murmur systolic or diastolic? What are some characteristics and timing?
systolic (pansystolic);
A plateau murmur at the same intensity from S1 to S2.
Is an aortic stenosis murmur systolic or diastolic? What are some characteristics and timing?
systolic (midsystolic)
A crescendo-descrescendo murmur from S1 to S1 (rises and then falls in intensity).
Is an aortic regurgitation murmur systolic or diastolic? What are some characteristics and timing?
systolic (early diastolic)
Decrescendo murmur from S2 to S1.
