Integument Anatomy + Basic Dermatology

Question 1

Functions of skin

Answer 1

protection
insulation
sensation
metabolism of Vit. D
excretion of salt/urea
maintain homeostasis

Question 2

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

Answer 2

avascular

Question 3

list the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

Answer 3

stratum..
corneum
lucidum (thick skin)
granulosum
spinosum
basale

Question 4

where is stratum lucidum present

Answer 4

in areas where skin is thick, like palms and soles

Question 5

which of the 5 epidermal layers are actively dividing

Answer 5

spinosum and basale

Question 6

keratinocytes

Answer 6

produce keratin

Question 7

melanocytes

Answer 7

produce melanin

Question 8

merkel cells

Answer 8

detect touch sensation

Question 9

langerhans cells

Answer 9

antigen presenting cells

Question 10

epidermal appendages + their location

Answer 10

hair follicles, glands, nails

located in dermis

Question 11

sebaceous versus sudoriferous glands

Answer 11

seb produce oil

sud produce sweat

Question 12

types of sweat glands

Answer 12

eccrine and apocrine

Question 13

is the dermis vascular or avascular

Answer 13

vascular

Question 14

two layers of dermis

Answer 14

papillary

reticular

Question 15

in which tissue do blisters form

Answer 15

papillary layer of dermis

Question 16

fibroblasts

Answer 16

produce collagen and elastin

Question 17

epidermal cell types

Answer 17

keratinocytes
melanocytes
merkel cells
langerhans cells

Question 18

dermal cell types

Answer 18

fibroblasts
macrophages
other WBCs
mast cells
sensory receptors

Question 19

hypodermis contains..

Answer 19

adipose and fascia

Question 20

function of adipose tissue

Answer 20

energy storage, cushioning, insulation

Question 21

function of fascia

Answer 21

separates + surrounds structures to facilitate movement

Question 22

depths of tissue involvement

Answer 22

superficial: only epidermis
partial: epidermis + part of dermis
full: epidermis + dermis, sometimes hypodermis

Question 23

examples of superficial thickness injuries

Answer 23

abrasion

1st degree burn

Question 24

examples of partial-thickness injuries

Answer 24

2nd degree burn
stage 2 pressure injury
blister

Question 25

examples of full-thickness injuries

Answer 25

3rd degree burn

stage 3 pressure injury

Question 26

macule

Answer 26

non-palpable flat change in skin color

Question 27

papule

Answer 27

palpable elevated solid mass

Question 28

nodule/tumor

Answer 28

palpable elevated solid mass

more than 0.5 cm

Question 29

wheal

Answer 29

superficial mass that is transient

Question 30

vesicle

Answer 30

superficial elevation filled with serous fluid

Question 31

pustule

Answer 31

superficial elevation filled with purulent material

Question 32

scale

Answer 32

dry or greasy mass of keratin

Question 33

crust

Answer 33

dried blood, serum, or pus

“scab”

Question 34

fissure

Answer 34

linear crack due to dry/thickened skin

Question 35

excoriation

Answer 35

linear abrasion produced by mechanical trauma

associated with pruritus and scratching

Question 36

what does pruritus mean

Answer 36

itching

Question 37

erosion

Answer 37

loss of portions or all of epidermis

Question 38

denuded

Answer 38

lost epidermis

Question 39

ulcer

Answer 39

excavation involving complete loss of epidermis and portion of dermis

will usually result in scar when healed

Question 40

scar

Answer 40

collagen + ct that replace lost dermis

Question 41

xerosis

Answer 41

dry skin

Question 42

jaundice

Answer 42

yellowing

Question 43

cyanosis

Answer 43

bluing

Question 44

erythema

Answer 44

reddening

Question 45

skin changes with aging

Answer 45

decreased ground substance, elastin, collagen

reduced epidermal turnover

flattening of dermal/epidermal interdigitations

decreased vascularity

decreased # of sweat glands

decrease in all epidermal functions

Question 46

exogenous

Answer 46

something external is causing the flare

Question 47

endogenous

Answer 47

something internal is causing the flare

Question 48

contact dermatitis

Answer 48

exogenous

Question 49

actinic dermatitis

Answer 49

exogenous, light exposure

Question 50

atopic dermatitis

Answer 50

eczema

endogenous + exogenous

Question 51

lichenification

Answer 51

thickening of the skin

rough/bumpy feel

Question 52

urticaria

Answer 52

hives

pruritic edematous pink or red wheals