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Unit 302 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What does the the skin do? Explain the 6 factors.

A

1, protection (Radiation, germs, waterproof, physical damage.
2, storage (water and fat)
3, thermoregulation (sweating, goose bumps, vessels contracting, adipose layer)
4, communication (Warning signs and pheromones)
5, sensory (Touch, pain, temperature, pressure)
6, production (Sweat and sebum, odour, heat, vit d)

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2
Q

What is the most superficial skin layer and what type of epithelium is it?

A

The epidermis and stratified squamous epithelium.

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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of epidermis?

A 
1, stratum corneum
2. Startum lucidum
3, stratum granulosum
4, stratum spinosum
5, stratum basale/germinativum
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4
Q

Which layer of epidermis is most superficial?

A

Stratum corneum

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5
Q

Which layer of epidermis is in the pads/Nose and also reduces friction between other layers?

A

Stratum lucidum

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6
Q

Which layer of epidermis does the cells produce keratin?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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7
Q

Which layer of epidermis are the cells dead and filled with keratin?

A

Stratum corneum

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8
Q

Which layer of epidermis are the cells alive and replicating?

A

Stratum spinosum

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9
Q

Which layer of epidermis is the deepest and produces melanin?

A

Stratum basale/germinativum

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the dermis layer in the footpads?

A

Supports the foot and acts as a shock absorber

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11
Q

Which pads are missing in the hind paw?

A

Single digital and carpal pad

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12
Q

What does a alveolar gland do? (sebaceous)

A

Opens into the side of the hair follicle and secretes an oily substance called sebum.

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13
Q

What are the 4 factors about sebum?

A

1, waterproofs the coat
2, antibacterial action
3, contains pheromones
4, precursor to vitamin d

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14
Q

What are the 4 specialised sebaceous glands?

A

1, tail glands - dorsal surface
2, circumanal glands - surround the anus
3, anal sacs - secretion pushed out with faeces
4, meibomian (Tarsal) glands - eyelids

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15
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands

A

Watery secretion that is directly secreted onto the skin to help thermoregulation. Has no smell and on hairless parts of the body.

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16
Q

What are apocrine sweat glands

A

Thicker secretion into the hair follicles, over most of the body. Smells and thermoregulation in horses.

17
Q

What are mammory glands? And how many pairs do the dog and cat have?

A

Modified sweat glands. Dog = 5 pairs and cat = 4 pairs.

18
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Specialised sweat glands in the ear canal which secretes cerumen (ear wax)

19
Q

What are guard hairs?

A

Stiff and straight hairs on the outer coat. They are tough and provide waterproofing,

20
Q

What are the fast acting sensory long guard hairs called which are scattered throughout the coat?

A

Tylotrich hairs

21
Q

What are the hairs called on the undercoat which are soft and thin?

A

Secondary/wool hairs

22
Q

What are the hairs called that are mainly on the face? (Whiskers)

A

Tactile hairs

23
Q

What are the 3 stages of hair growth?

A

1, anagen - growth
2, catagen - transition
3, telogen - resting

24
Q

Where does the epidermis on the outer hoof grow from?

A

The coronary band

25
Q

What is the inner layer of the hoof wall called and what does it do?

A

Laminae and it holds the bone into the hoof.

26
Q

What is the outer layer junction between the hoof and the skin called?

A

Periople

27
Q

What is the structure called on the hoof which consists of the softer horn?

A

The frog

28
Q

What is it called where the sole and the wall meet?

A

White line

29
Q

What is the fold of skin called where the coronary border/band lies?

A

Claw fold

30
Q

What muscle pulls the claws forward in cats?

A

Digital flexor muscle

31
Q

What 2 things are feathers made from?

A

1, central shaft called calamus and rachis

2, vanes (Soft part) containing barbs so can interlock

32
Q

What are the 6 feathers?

A 
1, primary/flight 
2, secondary 
3, contour 
4, down 
5, filoplume
6, bristle
33
Q

Which feather provides overall shape?

A

Contour feathers

34
Q

Which feathers are used for insulation?

A

Down feathers

35
Q

Which feathers are found on the face?

A

Bristle feathers

36
Q

What is the fold of skin on the rabbits neck called they use to pluck to nest build?

A

Dewlap

37
Q

Where are the scent glands in hamsters?

A

Lateral flank

38
Q

Where are the scent glands in gerbils?

A

Ventral

Unit 302 (3 decks)

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