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Histo 1 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

what are some functions of the integument?

A
  • protection (physical, chemical, pathogens, UV)
  • thermoregulation
  • pressure/touch reception
  • excretion (glands)
  • production of vitamin D
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2
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum basale

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3
Q

which layer of the epidermis has basophilic keratohyalin granules?

A

stratum granulosum

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4
Q

what gives spinous cells of stratum spinosum their spiny appearance?

A

desmosomes

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5
Q

in which layer does cell death begin to occur?

A

stratum granulosum = nuclear fragmentation (some cells have condensed nucleus and some have no nucleus at all)
*fully differentiated keratinocyte is dead

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6
Q

what structures contribute to the water barrier of the epidermis and where is it found?

A

lamellar bodies; stratum granulosum

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7
Q

where are the cells of your skin most acidic?

A

top layers of stratum corneum

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8
Q

what does UV exposure do that causes us to tan?

A

alters rate of melanin production thru activity of tyrosinase (increasing melanin production)

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9
Q

what is the difference between using sunscreen and what melanin does?

A
  • sunscreen REFLECTS UV light

- melanin ABSORBS UV light

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10
Q

what are Langerhans cells?

A

dendritic antigen-presenting cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions

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11
Q

what is a Merkel’s cell?

A
  • touch receptor (modified epidermal cells)
  • contain neurosecretory granules that can secrete neurotransmitters and activate nerves
  • Merkel’s cell + associated neuron = Merkel’s corpuscle
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12
Q

what is the difference between thick and thin skin?

A
  • thick = only on palms of hands and soles of feet (hairless); thick stratum corneum; visible stratum granulosum and sometime stratum lucidum
  • thin = everywhere else; hair with sebaceous glands and sweat glands; usually cannot see stratum lucidum and sometimes stratum granulosum
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13
Q

what are the layers of the dermis?

A
  • papillary = deep to epidermis

- reticular layer = between papillary layer and hypodermis

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14
Q

what does the papillary layer consist of?

A

loose CT, small nerves, Meissner’s corpuscles, collagen types I and II, elastic fibers

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15
Q

what are the differences between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

A
  • eccrine = all regions of body except lips & external genitalia, duct has stratified cuboidal epithelium (empties product onto free surface), regulate body temp, long ducts, small lumen
  • apocrine = axilla, areola/nipple, anal region, external genitalia, larger than eccrine w/ larger lumen, viscous secretion into hair follicle, short ducts, large lumen
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16
Q

what method of secretion do sebaceous glands use?

A

holocrine

17
Q

nail plate corresponds to what?

A

stratum corneum

18
Q

nail bed corresponds to what?

A

stratum spinosum & stratum basale

19
Q

what does the reticular layer in the dermis consist of?

A
  • reticular = dense irregular CT, large nerves & blood vessels, Pacinian corpuscles, hair follicles
20
Q

what is the hypodermis and what is it made of?

A
  • aka superficial fascia
  • anchors skin to underlying tissue
  • is the base of sweat glands and hair follicles
  • made up of loose CT and adipose tissue
21
Q

what is the Pacinian corpuscle for?

A
  • deep pressure & vibrations

- amplification of senses

22
Q

what are the 2 types of sensory structures?

A

1) Nonencapsulated = free nerve endings in epidermis; touch, pressure, heat/cold, pain; associated w/ hair follicles
2) Encapsulated = Ruffini ending (dermis); Meissner’s corpuscle (dermal papillae); Pacinian corpuscle (dermis & hypodermis)

23
Q

what is the structure of mature hair?

A
  • 3 layers: (1) medulla (thick hair) (2) cortex (3) cuticle (outermost)
  • root sheath
  • dermal sheath (CT surrounding follicle)
24
Q

what is the structure of the nail?

A
  • hard keratin

- hyponychium & eponychium are continuous w/ stratum corneum

25
Q

what does hyponychium do?

A

secures nail plate to finger tip

26
Q

what does eponychium do?

A

protects nail root

Histo 1 (6 decks)

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