Blood

Question 1

what is the role of a neutrophil?

Answer 1

phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms

Question 2

what is the role of a eosinophil?

Answer 2

killing of anti-body coated parasites through release of granule contents

Question 3

what is the role of a basophil?

Answer 3

controlling immune responses to parasites

Question 4

what is a monocyte?

Answer 4

a circulating precursor cell to macrophage

Question 5

what is a megakaryocyte?

Answer 5

is source of platelet formation and wound repair

Question 6

what are erythrocytes for?

Answer 6

oxygen transport

Question 7

describe the components of blood

Answer 7

• plasma/specialized ECM (55%)
• WBCs/buffy coat (1%)
• RBCs (45%)

Question 8

what is the major protein in plasma and what does it do?

Answer 8

albumin

- maintains osmotic pressure

Question 9

what does fibrinogen do?

Answer 9

• contributes to coagulation

- is cleaved to form fibrin (fibers in blood clots)

Question 10

where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 10

in the bone marrow

Question 11

where does hematopoiesis occur before birth?

Answer 11

• mostly yolk sac

- then in liver and spleen

Question 12

what cells are ONLY found in the bone marrow?

Answer 12

• hematopoietic stem cells

- Megakaryocytes

Question 13

name all 5 leukocytes (aka WBCs)

Answer 13

• agranulocytes: lymphocytes & monocytes

- granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils

Question 14

where are leukocytes found in a hematocrit tube?

Answer 14

in the buffy coat

Question 15

what do eosinophils do?

Answer 15

• removes antigen
• have antibody complexes from blood
• have anti-parasitic properties

Question 16

what do eosinophilic granules contain?

Answer 16

• proteases
• RNase
• phosphatase
• lipase

Question 17

what do basophilic granules contain and what do they associate with?

Answer 17

• eosinophilic chemotactic factor
• histamine
• heparin
• peroxidase
• Associated with hypersensitivity responses

Question 18

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 18

• involved with bacterial phagocytosis (ingestion/digestion)

Question 19

what do neutrophilic granules contain?

Answer 19

• phosphatase = removes phosphate groups
• collagenase = destruction of collagen during wound healing
• lysozyme = antibacterial
• non-enzymatic anti-bacterial basic proteins

Question 20

what is a band cell?

Answer 20

• slightly immature neutrophil with a U-shaped nucleus

Question 21

what is maturation of pre-neutrophils inhibited by?

Answer 21

the presence of mature neutrophils

Question 22

what are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 22

• erythrocytes (RBCs)

- thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 23

what are some characteristics of erythrocytes?

Answer 23

• biconcave discs (large surface:volume ratio)
• facilitates gas exchange
• filled with hemoglobin-iron containing protein that binds O2 and CO2 reversibly

Question 24

what are some characteristics of thrombocytes?

Answer 24

• disc shaped structures with intercellular organelles
• fragments of megakaryocytes
• store glycogen to maintain function

Question 25

what are some characteristics of neutrophils?

Answer 25

• multilobed nucleus w/ neutral granules

- bacterial phagocytosis

Question 26

what are some characteristics of basophils?

Answer 26

• multilobed nucleus w/ basophilic granules (blue)
• granulocyte
• arachidonic acid derivatives

Question 27

what are some characteristics of eosinophils?

Answer 27

• bilobed nucleus w/ eosinophilic granules (pink)

- anti-parasitic granulocytes