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Nursing 304 > Integrative Therapies Part I > Flashcards

Integrative Therapies Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What is holistic health?

A

A context or philosophy of care that embraces the whole person
Not a particular set of specific therapies
State of wellbeing characterized by optimal integration of body, mind and spirit
An imbalance in one does affect the other two

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2
Q

What are “conventional therapies”?

A

Conventional therapies – the use of mainstream medical/community therapies.

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3
Q

What are “complementary therapies”?

A

Complementary therapies – using things in addition to the traditional/conventional therapies.

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4
Q

What are “alternative therapies”?

A

Alternative therapies – “doing your own thing”. Using it instead of conventional therapies. (These aren’t always scientifically/medically accepted)

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5
Q

What are “integrative therapies/integrated medicine”?

A

Integrative therapies (“medicine”) – A blend of the conventional and complementary therapies.

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6
Q

What is “holistic nursing” in a nutshell?

A

Holistic Nursing – All-encompassing care, looking at the big picture.

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7
Q

What are the principles of holistic health? (7)

A

Human beings are living energy systems rather than an arrangement of parts.
Every illness of body reflects a corresponding disturbance in the mind and spirit.
Recognize one’s physical, mental and spiritual potential.
Healing is a natural process.
Natural, low-risk methods quicken the individual’s healing resources and take precedence over drugs, surgery, other invasive therapies whenever possible.
Personal responsibility is fundamental.
Holistic practitioner: engaged in ongoing learning processes; networking with others and “walks the talk”

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8
Q

What organization develops standards for practice for holistic nursing, education and research?

A

Canadian Holistic Nurses Association

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9
Q

How many canadians have used at least one form of complimentary alternative medicine in their lifetime?

A

74% (Potter and Perry, 5th ed, 2014)

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10
Q

How much do Canadians spend on complimentary alternative medicine on an annual basis?

A

$7.8 million (Truant, Balneaves & Fitch, 2015)

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11
Q

How many cancer patients use complimentary alternative medicine theories?

A

31.4% to 91% of all cancer patients use complimentary alternative medicine therapies for some periods, often in conjunction with standard medical treatment (Gross, Cromwell, Matulonis & Hayman 2013)

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12
Q

What are three reasons people choose to use complimentary alternative medicine?

A

Holistic philosophy
Empowerment
Quality of life

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13
Q

What are some common goals of complimentary alternative medicine use?

A

Manage/minimize side effects of conventional Tx
Manage/minimize symptoms
Promote feelings of well-being ->QOL
Enhance immune system -> relaxation response
Enhance efficacy of conventional Tx
Promote sense of self control
Augment hope
Growing numbers of people with chronic and incurable conditions
Boost immune system
Concern for health care costs
Increasing cultural diversity

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14
Q

What are the major domains/categories of conventional alternative medicine?

A

Whole Medical Systems

Mind-body Interventions

Nutrition as Medicine

Biologically Based Therapies (Natural Health Products)

Manipulative and Body-Based Therapies

Energy Therapies

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15
Q

What are some whole medical systems?

A

Ayurveda

Latin American Practices

Traditional Aboriginal Medicine

Naturopathic Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine

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16
Q

What are some examples of mind-body interventions?

A 
Aromatherapy
Art Therapy
Biofeedback
Breathwork
Dance Therapy
Imagery
Meditation
Hypnotherapy
Yoga
Music
Prayer 
Psychotherapy
Storytelling
Journaling
Humor
Animal-Assisted Therapy
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17
Q

What is aromatherapy?

A

Use of essential oils for therapeutic purposes that encompass mind, body and spirit
Obtained from a variety of plants t/o the world
Oils may be found in flowers, bark, leaves, wood, roots, seeds or peels
Inhaled/topically applied/ingested
Psychological and physical effects

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18
Q

What are some uses for aromatherapy??

A

Uses: pain, nausea, sleeplessness, agitation, smoking cessation, treatment of infections, prevention of infectious diseases (MRSA)

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19
Q

What are some examples of oils used for aromatherapy?

A

Common oils: basil, chamomile, ginger, lavender, lemon, sage, rosemary, tea tree, peppermint, eucalyptus

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20
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

Uses instruments and teaches self-regulation strategies to help people increase voluntary control over internal physiological and mental processes.
Measures muscle tension, skin temp, cardiac activity, and brainwaves and then provides immediate feedback in the form of visual and/or auditory signals=increased awareness of internal processes

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21
Q

What are some uses for biofeedback?

A

Pain, DM, headaches, cessation of urinary incontinence, GI disorders

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22
Q

What is imagery therapy?

A

Guided, clinical hypnosis, or self hypnosis
Formation of a mental representation of an object, place, event, or situation that is perceived through the senses
Imagery, by inducing deep relaxation and reprocessing of stressful triggers, interrupts or alters the stress response and support the immune system Fitzgerald & Langevin (2010). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Nursing.

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23
Q

What are some uses for imagery therapies?

A

Uses: asthma, hypertension, arthritis, IBS, MS, PMS, anxiety, decrease stress, pain cancer

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24
Q

What is meditation?

A

Self directed practice for relaxing the body and calming the mind

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25
What are some types of meditation?
Mindfulness meditation, Transcendental meditation, Centering prayer, Relaxation Response, Walking the labyrinth, Breath awareness
26
What are some uses for meditation? (Which problems does it help)
stress reduction, anxiety, insomnia, depression, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, substance use, hypertension, irritability HIV, cancer, asthma, PTSD
27
What are some side effects of meditation?
Side effects: hallucinations, cardiovascular compromise
28
What are some biologically based complimentary alternative medicine
Herbal Remedies Homeopathic medicines Vitamins and Minerals (megavitamin therapy) Traditional medicines (Ayurvedic remedies) (traditional Chinese herbal remedies) Probiotics Amino acids, essential fatty acids, and antioxidant supplements
29
What are three diets that can be used as "nutrition as medicine"?
Gerson Therapy Macrobiotic Diet Mediterranean Diet
30
What are some manipulative and body based complimentary alternative medicine therapies?
Acupressure Chiropractic Feldenkrais method Tai chi Massage Therapy Simple Touch
31
What is acupressure?
Uses the fingers to press certain points on the body to stimulate the body’s self-curative abilities
32
What is acupuncture?
1-20 hair-thin needles inserted into your skin for 10-30 min. May apply electrical stimulation or heat to needles
33
What is the goal of traditional Chinese medicine of acupressure and acupuncture?
To restore balance in the body - "yin" and "yang"
34
What are some uses for acupressure and acupuncture?
COPD, dysmenorrhea, low back pain, agitation, pain, stress, ansiety
35
What is feldenkrais?
Based on establishing good self-image through awareness and correction of body movements Integrates the impact of physics on body movement patterns with how people move, behave and interact
36
What is tai chi?
Traditional Chinese martial art and mind-body exercise
37
What are the styles of tai chi?
Chen , Yang, Wu, Sun styles
38
What are the benefits of tai chi?
Promotes free flow of energy throughout the body which improves health of an individual Strengthens muscles Improves flexibility Decreases stress
39
What is massage therapy?
Application of manual techniques and adjunctive therapies with the intention of positively affecting health and well-being Produce friction and pressure on cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues
40
What are some benefits of massage therapy?
Promotes relaxation, reduces pain, promote sleep, lessen anxiety, improve mobility
41
What are some energy and biofield therapies?
``` Qigong Reiki Healing Touch/Therapeutic Touch Acupressure/Acupuncture (see body based) Reflexology Light Therapy Magnet Therapy ```
42
What is qigong?
Practice of breathing, movement, and meditation and involves the assuming of basic postures Promotes strength, balance, and optimal functioning
43
What is reiki therapy?
Intended to affect the energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the body Practitioner places a hand on or above the body and transfers “universal life energy” to the patient, the energy from this therapy provides strength, harmony and balance
44
What are some uses of reiki therapy?
Uses: pain, relaxation, depression, palliative care, cancer, HIV, pre and post op, stroke rehabilitation, PTSD, enhancing immune function
45
What is healing touch therapy?
Uses gentle touch to influence and support the human energy system within the body (energy centers) and surrounding the body (energy fields) Differences exist in how touch is used throughout the world based on philosophical and cultural differences Focuses on creating an energetic balance of the whole body at the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual levels Hands influence the flow of energy to promote balance and healing
46
What are some uses for healing touch therapy?
Pain, anxiety, stress, relaxation, depression, cancer, side effects, post procedural recovery
47
What is reflexology?
Specific pressure technique that works on precise reflex points of the feet that correspond to other body parts
48
What complimentary alternative medicine therapies are within our scope?
Relaxation therapy Meditation/breathing Imagery Simple touch
49
What are some benefits of relaxation therapy?
Decreased muscle tension, improved well-being, reduce symptoms of distress, pain, alleviate tension headaches, decrease anxiety related to diagnoses i.e. HIV PTSD improves cognition Allows individuals control over health/lives
50
What are some therapies that can be used in combination with relaxation therapy?
Can be used alone or in combination with deep breathing, imagery, yoga, music and/or art therapy
51
What are some limitations of relaxation therapy?
Fear loss of control, anxiety physiological and psychological status
52
What are some benefits of meditation/breathing therapy?
Improved breathing patterns, manages stress, decrease anxiety, manage symptoms of depression. Lowers BP, manage chronic pain, increases productivity, improves mood, decreases irritability
53
What are some limitations of meditation/breathing therapy?
Fear loss of control, augments certain drugs
54
What are some complimentary alternative medical therapies that require training or certification? (Not in our scope)
Biofeedback Chiropractic TCM Acupuncture Therapeutic Touch
55
How many plants are used medically throughout the world?
25000
56
How many modern drugs are developed from plants?
1/3 of modern drugs were developed from plants.
57
What are herbs?
potent products i.e. chamomile, fish oil
58
What piece of legislature regulates herbal/natural products?
Canadian Food and Drug Act (2004) regulates all OTC Natural Health products -> DIN, DN-HM, NPN
59
What are some things nurses should be aware off regarding herbal/natural products regarding absorption of other medications?
Herbs e.g. gums/mucilage (psyllium*, rhubarb*, flaxseed) bind to other drugs, inhibit absorption or reduce actions of drugs with narrow therapeutic index* i.e. digoxin, warfarin Need to discourage using herbal products if taking drugs that interact or, give Rx drug 1hour before or 2 hours after these herbals.
60
What are some safe common NPH's
Echinacea Evening Primrose Oil Fish Oil Garlic Ginger Ginkgo biloba Glucosamine Milk Thistle Saw palmetto St. John’s wort* Valerian Chamomile Black cohosh
61
What is echinacea used for?
for respiratory infections, colds, boosts immune system
62
What are some contraindications of echinacea?
contra-indicated for cancer patients, auto-immune disorders like lupus, contra-indicated in diabetes
63
What is evening primrose oil used for?
anti-inflammatory effects, rheumatoid arthritis, hot flashes
64
What are some contraindications for evening primrose oil?
contra-indicated in patients with seizure disorders, can cause loose stools and abdominal pain if taking too much
65
What are fish oils used for?
for heart, preventing development of CAD, anti-inflammatory properties, rheumatoid arthritis, preventative for cancer
66
What are some contraindications/interactions for fish oil?
Possible increase in INR with coumadin
67
What is garlic used for?
stimulates the immune system, used for hypertension, athletes foot, flu prevention
68
What are contra-indications of garlic?
can have anti-coagulant properties (don’t take with anticoagulant meds, NSAIDS)
69
What is ginkgo biloba used for?
dementia, poor memory
70
What are contra-indications of ginkgo biloba
Contra-indicated with anticoagulants, in high doses can induce seizures
71
What is glucosamine used for?
Joint disorders
72
What are contraindications/interactions of glucosamine?
Has anticoagulant properties, shouldn’t take with anticoagulants
73
What is milk thistle used for?
decreases toxicity to the liver, decreases inflammation | Used in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, GI upset
74
What are contraindications of milk thistle?
Can interacts with anticoagulants
75
What is saw palmetto used for?
Used for BPH, urinary issues
76
What are interactions of saw palmetto?
Can interact with anticoagulants
77
What is St. John's wort used for?
Depression
78
What are the interactions of St. John's wort?
Many interactions, including SSRIs and other antidepressants
79
What is valerian used for?
used as a hypnotic/sedative for sleep disorders | Used for muscle spasms
80
What are interactions with valerian?
Use caution when using other sedatives with valerian
81
What is chamomile used for?
used for sleep, has anti-inflammatory effects, used for menstrual disorders
82
What are some interactions of chamomile?
Can interact with anticoagulants and CNS depressants
83
What is black cohosh used for?
Estrogen-like effect, used for PMS
84
What is a contraindication of black cohosh?
Contraindicated in breast cancer
85
What are four unsafe NHP's?
Comfrey Ephedra Kava Lobelia
86
What is comfrey used for?
Wound healing
87
What is the "unsafe" thing about comfrey?
Can cause cancer
88
What is ephedra used for?
Weight loss
89
What is the unsafe thing about ephedra?
Can cause cardiovascular issues | Interacts with synthroid
90
What is kava used for?
Used for anxiety, stress, sleep
91
What is the unsafe thing about kava?
Banned because of hepatotoxicity and liver failure
92
What is lobelia used for?
Used for asthma
93
What is the unsafe thing about lobelia?
Can cause death | Overstimulation of the CNS (tachycardia, hypertensive, etc)
94
What are some considerations that should be made before choosing complimentary alternative medical therapies?
“You’ve got to balance your hopes and your beliefs with your resources.” Lynda Balneaves (complementary therapy expert and researcher) ``` Look for info about the therapy Ask about side effects with conventional treatment What are your goals for the therapy? Time commitment? Cost? Talk to your doctor Talk to your family ```
95
What are some nursing roles in complimentary alternative medical therapies?
Know scope of practice Possess appropriate knowledge and skill Understand and practice within provincial and territorial legislation Keep abreast in current research on CAMs Advise patients of appropriate tunes to initiate allopathic/traditional therapy vs. CAM Be aware of patient’s cultural and spiritual beliefs Perform comprehensive medication reconciliation with admission, transfer, and discharge Document accordingly
96
What are some questions to ask when choosing a complementary practitioner?
What are specific goals of therapy? i.e. cure, symptom palliation Is there scientific research evidence that therapy is effective in achieving stated goals? Expected benefits? Risks? Side effects of therapy? Does therapy interfere or augment effects of other therapy? Costs? Covered by client’s insurance? Practitioner qualifications i.e. certified/practice license/member of professional organization? Carry malpractice insurance? Client receiving therapy as part of clinical trial?

Nursing 304 (12 decks)

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