Integration theories Flashcards
neofunctionalist drivers of integration (3)
creation of functional international agencies»_space; these actors push further integration»_space; these actors push for international decision making
LI drivers of integration (2)
- state preferences reflect economic interest driving them closer together
- states cooperate where coordination may increase domestic control
describe multilevel governance in terms of theory in one word
model
multi-level governance drivers of integration (2)
less about explaning integration but suggests that the collaboration between different levels of actors is key
- also the regional actors implement the policies so are key to driving integration
social constructivism, drivers of integration (1)
integration driven by shared ideology and culture of Europeans, built on the shared identity and historical construction of EU as opposed to others
Europeanisation (of actor identities) drivers of integration (1)
ideational entrepreneurs persuade people to adopt european identity which drives closer union
Feminist theory, drivers of integration
more focussed on the hierarchical nature of integration theories placing states as primary actors in a gendered way less concerned with the process of integrationa and more how it is gendered
main scholars of neofunctionalism? (2)
Haas (1958)The uniting of Europe
Lindberg (1963) The political dynamics of european economic integration
main scholars of LI? (1)
Moravcsik (1993) preferences and power in the european community: a liberal intergovernmentalist approach
main scholars of Multi-level governance? (2)
Marks et al (1996) European integration fromt he 1980s: state-centirc v. multi-level governance
Marks + Bache and Flinders 2004 multi-level governance
main scholars of Social constructivism in EU integration theories? (2)
Christiansen 1999 The social construction of europe
Risse 2010 a comunity of europeans?transnational identities and public spheres
main scholars of europeanisation of actor identities? (2)
Borzel ?
Risse 2009 we the euroepean peoples? identity, public sphere and the european democracy
main scholars of feminist theory of integration
Locher and Prugl 2009 in european integration theory
define integration theory and which scholar gave this definition?
a broad way of understanding the socia and political processes of integration
what are the 2 (+1) main approaches to integration theory
(federalism)
LI
Neofunctionalism
define federalism
the incremental movement of states into a federal system through functional units of the states e.g. supranational institutitons
define supranational in terms of institutions
having power beyond the state or territorial powers
aroudn what time did Haas and Lindbergs conception of integration have most relvance
late 50s to mid 60s
when was the European Coal and Steel Coalition formed?
1952
what was neofunctionalism a reaction to?
the formation of the ECSC
what does EEC stand for
euroepean economic community
what is Euratom? and when was it created?
the European atomic energy community, 1958
what is the main claim of neofunctionalism?
the concept of spillover, drives integration
how do neofuntionalists view integration (process/not)
process, the process evolve over time as integration becomes closer
do neofunctionalist view states as the only actor?
no, has a pluralist perspective of the actors involved
what assumption did Haas and Lindberg make about the people of the EU?
permissive concensus
what is the underlying economic assumption of neofuntionalism?
continued and sustained economic growth due to pursuit of profit
give 3 points on spillover
- specific integration leads to positivity to integration and thus more
- lindberg suggests elites become interconnected (engregage)
- political spillover due to socialisation
- actors gain through compromise or concete
- domestic elites help to achieve european goals (cultivated spillover)
give 3 criticisms of neofunctional accounts of integration
- only applies to EU when it was designed as general thoery
- spillover reliant on economic determinism
- suggests inevitability of spillover
- ignores strutural pressures - assumes constant economic growth among members, yet spillover is a fair weather process
- lack of attention to domestic politics
who are the most important actors in Liberal intergovernmentalism?
states
how are states viewed from a Liberal intergovernmentalist perspective?
- rational
- take part in intergovenrmental negotiations
how do national pressures play out in Liberal intergovernmentalism?
issue specific preferences differ on each issue
what is the substantive bargaining theory?
where states must cooperate to reach mutual benefit, and cooperation depends on bargaining power of the states
what is asymmetrical interdependence in Liberal intergovernmentalism?
a way in which states can coerce concession from other states with the threat of non-cooperation
under Liberal intergovernmentalism, why do states agree to delgate authority to institutions?
as a neccesity to the agreements made with other states
what is the main role of institutions for integration
the economic side of things, most things which arent related to the economy arent enforced by institutions and it is up to states to comply
give 3 criticisms of Liberal intergovernmentalism
- selectively ignores the influence of institutions and chooses to focus on the tiny amounts where states have most control e.g. treaties
- focus on intended consequences, ignores accidental consequences which skews integration
- empirical examples often dont hold up
what does the Multi-level Governance model provide an opposition to?
the state-centric model
name 3 types of actors who have agency in the Multi-level Governance model
subnational actors
supranational actors
interest groups
most decisions are ____ ___ and therefore involve uneven wins and losses
zero sum
what state-centric assumption about subnational actors is most contested byMulti-level Governance
monopoly of power channels
the nested nature of political arenas, actors can inhabit many
how have subnational and supranational actors increased power in brussels
moved into the brussels arena and got further up the list of agenda setting
What committee established some institutional structures for regional actors in the EU
the committee of regions 1993
what is the second main institution which assists regional actors in gaining power in the EU
the commission
what did the committee of regions structure?
the involvement of subnational actors in design and implementation of economic development
in which stage is Multi-level Governance most obvious?
implementation stage
what is comitology
committees for the implementation of EU laws which represent every nation
why does comitology lead to greater Multi-level Governance
technical issues require specific expertise which is most often found at subnational levels, who then inform more multi-level discourses and further connections with regional actors
what are package meetings?
voluntary meetings which involve regional and local levels in implementation of policies which includes these actors in the EU arena
what does Multi-level Governance suggest is happening to state sovereignty
states are not losing sovereignty but losing their monopoly on power, and the power is now spread more thinly from national governments to societal interest groups
according to Multi-level Governance why do states shift decision making to the EU?
in order to shift responsibility away from the national executive or for the political benefits of effieciency
