Integration of Metabolism Flashcards
What 3 molecules can Glucose 6 phosphate be converted into?
glycogen
Pyruvate
Ribose-5-Phosphate
What 4 molecules can pyruvate be turned into?
Acetyl-CoA
Lactate
Alanine
OAA
What 3 molecules can acetyl coA be turned into?
CO2
Ketone bodies
Fatty acids
What is the main energy source for the liver?
Fatty acids- therefore it depends on beta oxidation for its own energy needs
Adipose tissues synthesizes and stores TAGs as signaled by ____ during the __ state
Insulin
Fed
Adipose tissue releases fatty acids as signaled by _________ during ________
Glucagon/Epinephrine
Hunger and Exercise
What 3 tissues are fatty acids transported to in the blood?
Muscle
Heart
Liver
Cardiac muscle is exclusively ______
aerobic
Skeletal muscle is rich in glycogen, therefore what are its 2 main energy sources?
What enzyme does skeletal muscle lack and what does this lead it to not be able to do?
skeletal muscle uses fatty acids and ketone bodies for energy
Skeletal muscle lacks Glucose-6-Phosphatase, therefore muscle cannot export glucose
What is the Cori Cycle used for? What 2 tissues does this cycle require cooperation between?
The Cori cycle is used to regenerate glucose from lactate
Cooperation between muscle and the liver
_____ ___ of a cell is defined as the ratio of ATP to ADP
Energy charge
The ____ _____ of a cell is defined by [NADH]:[NAD+]
Reducing power
What is the function of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?
It is secreted in the duodenum and jejunum regions of the small intestines as a postprandial signal.
This signal is used to generate a feeling of satiety.
Describe the function of Ghrelin and Leptin.
Ghrelin= Gobble (stimulates appetite)
Leptin=Lose Weight (secreted by adipocytes to report the status of TAG stores)
What is the function of Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)?
When is it inactive?
When is it active?
It is the cellular energy sensor that determines when to make energy or consume it.
When ATP is high, AMPK is inactive
When ATP is low, AMPK is activated
