Integration Of Metabolism

Question 1

What are the 3 major metabolic junction points in human metabolism?

Answer 1

Glucose 6 phosphate

Acetyl CoA

Pyruvate

Question 2

One of the major junction points of human metabolism is glucose 6 phosphate, what 3 products can it be eventually converted to?

Answer 2

Glycogen
Pyruvate
Ribose 5P

Question 3

One of the major junction points of human metabolism is acetyl CoA, what 3 products can it be eventually converted to?

Answer 3

CO2
Ketone bodies
Fatty acids

Question 4

One of the major junction points of human metabolism is pyruvate, what 4 products can it be eventually converted to?

Answer 4

Acetyl CoA
Lactate
Alanine
OAA

Question 5

What makes acetyl CoA such a high energy molecule?

Answer 5

Its thioester bond, which is highly exergonic (-31 kJ/mol)

Question 6

What fuel types are utilized by the following:

RBCs
Brain
Adipose
Liver
Muscle

Answer 6

RBCs = glucose

Brain = glucose and ketone bodies

Adipose = glucose and fatty acids

Liver = fatty acids

Muscles = glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

Question 7

What is considered to be the metabolic MVP because of its ability to respond quickly to dietary conditions and its processing and maintenance of equilibrium of nutrients in the blood?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What biomolecule goes directly to the liver through the portal vein after absorption?

Answer 8

Amino aicds, because there are a lot of enzymes required to process them and the liver contains them all

Question 9

Which of the following is false about metabolism in the liver?

A. It metabolizes most, but not all, dietary amino acids
B. The presence of glucose 6 phosphatase makes the liver uniquely able to release glucose from glycogen into the bloodstream
C. It synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body
D. It normally fuels the body by releasing its glycogen stores during fasting
E. One of its major jobs is to provide fuel for the brain

Answer 9

A.

Question 10

The lipases that break down triglycerides are activated by what hormone?

Answer 10

Glucagon

Question 11

There are two types of adipose tissue, brown and white. Brown adipose has high levels of _________, which burns calories and generates heat

Answer 11

Thermogenin

Question 12

Name the energy production systems in the body in order from immediate to short-term to long-term exertion

Answer 12

ATP/PCr

Anaerobic glycolysis

Oxidative

Question 13

Order the following from slowest fuel source to fastest: glycogen phosphorylase, acetyl coa dehydrogenase, phosphocreatine kinase

Answer 13

Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Phosphocreatine kinase

Question 14

______________ is stored in muscle to quickly regenerate ATP from ADP during short bursts of heavy activity

Answer 14

Phosphocreatine

Question 15

During anaerobic glycolysis, the ultimate result is ___________, unless oxygen is present and a shift can be made to a more sustainable energy production system. However, after an extended period of exercise, the ______ cycle allows for that product to flow to the liver where it can be converted back to glucose.

Answer 15

Lactate

Cori

Question 16

What effect would a deficiency in CoQ have on the ETC?

Answer 16

Decrease in the production of ATP

Question 17

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

Answer 17

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Insulin binding triggers auto-phosphorylation at Tyr

Question 18

What processes will be occuring in a well fed liver?

Answer 18

Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
FA and TAG synthesis
Cholesterol synthesis

Question 19

____________ are mostly composed of TAGs and are responsible for transporting dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations. Packing allows fats to transport in hydrophilic bloodstream

Answer 19

Chylomicrons

Question 20

What processes are occuring in a fasting liver?

Answer 20

Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Fatty acid oxidation
Ketone body synthesis

Question 21

Most tissues in the body shift to fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel in a fasting state. Which of the following will continue to utilize glucose? (Assume it is not a prolonged fast)

A. Brain
B. Adipose tissue
C. Cardiac muscle
D. RBCs
E. A and D

Answer 21

E

Question 22

What is considered the over-arching cellular energy sensor?

Answer 22

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)