Integrated Solid Waste Management

Question 1

A solid material possessing a negative economic value, which suggests that it is cheaper to discard than to use

Answer 1

Solid waste

Question 2

Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, and/or toxic

Answer 2

Hazardous waste

Question 3

What type of hazardous waste has the biggest generation and by how much?

Answer 3

Inorganic chemical wastes (25%)

Question 4

What are the sampling characteristics?

Answer 4

– Direct sampling
– Material flows
– Survey

Question 5

What are the variability characteristics?

Answer 5

– Seasonal
– Regional
– Household size
– National economy

Question 6

What are the five phases of municipal solid waste collection?

Answer 6

• House to can
• Can to truck
• Truck from house to house
• Truck routing
• Truck to disposal

Question 7

1. Routes should not _________, should be ________, and should not be _______.

Answer 7

overlap
compact
fragmented

Question 8

2. The starting point should be _____________ as possible.

Answer 8

as close to the truck garage

Question 9

3. Heavily traveled streets should be _______________.

Answer 9

avoided during rush hours

Question 10

4. One-way streets that cannot be traversed in one line should be
   ___________ of the street.

Answer 10

looped from the upper end

Question 11

5. Dead end streets should be collected when on the _______ of the
   street.

Answer 11

right side

Question 12

6. On hills, the collection should proceed ___________ so that the truck can
   coast.

Answer 12

downhill

Question 13

7. ____________ around blocks should be used whenever possible.

Answer 13

Clockwise turns

Question 14

8. __________ should be routed before looping clockwise.

Answer 14

Long, straight paths

Question 15

9. For certain block patterns, ____________ should be used.

Answer 15

standard paths

Question 16

10.________ can be avoided by never leaving one _____________ as the
only access and exit to the node.

Answer 16

U-turns, two-way street

Question 17

reduction in transport costs

Answer 17

Transfer stations

Question 18

reduction in trafficking of smaller vehicles at the treatment/disposal site

Answer 18

Transfer stations

Question 19

reduction in refuse crew costs due to waiting time for vehicles in transit

Answer 19

Transfer stations

Question 20

Where do most sustainable packaging efforts direct?

Answer 20

65% Design for recyclability or use of recycled content
57% Weight Reduction
41% Renewable or Bio-based Materials
25% Compostable Materials

Question 21

recover any items of value that need not be processed

Answer 21

Positive sorting

Question 22

remove all those items that could cause damage to the rest of the processing system

Answer 22

Negative sorting

Question 23

What is the formula of critical speed?

Answer 23

Nc = sqrt(g/4rpi^2)

Question 24

Deflection due to electric field

Answer 24

Eddy current separators

Question 25

Electric charge from friction

Answer 25

Triboelectric charging

Question 26

What is the Fiber Recycling Process?

Answer 26

1. Waste paper 2. Pulping 3. Coarse Screening 4. Cleaning 5. Brightening 6. Fine cleaning 7. Ink removal 8. Decolorization 9. Washing 10. Pulp

Question 27

Finely ground container and non-container glass used in sandblasting. Such abrasives contain no silica, which is the causative agent of silicosis.

Answer 27

Abrasives

Question 28

Container and non-container glass utilized as drainage medium, backfill, or for landscaping purposes

Answer 28

Aggregate Substitute

Question 29

Container and noncontainer glass is melted into rounded glass pellets or beads and used in reflective paint for highways

Answer 29

Bead Manufacturing

Question 29

Ceramic tiles, picture frames, costume jewelry, and some household items may include recycled container and non-container glass

Answer 29

Decorative applications

Question 29

Recycled glass is used to make fractionators needed for firing ammunition and lighting matches

Answer 29

Frictionators

Question 30

Glass powders used as lubricants, core additives, and fluxes in metal foundry work and fabrication, as well as flux/finders in the ceramics industry

Answer 30

Fluxex and other additives

Question 31

Give examples of glass that can't be recycled

Answer 31

- Light bulbs - Window Glass - Ceramic - Drink Glasses - Bags

Question 32

Recycling one ton of aluminum conserves ___________ and _______ hours of electricity.

Answer 32

8 tons of bauxite, 14 mW

Question 33

Ferrous metals recycling

Answer 33

1. Scrap 2. Electric furnace 3. Post-melting Tapping 4. Heating furnace 5. Rolling 6. Cooling 7. Cutting, Bunding, Shipping

Question 34

What types of plastics are not acceptable in most programs for recycling?

Answer 34

PVC and PS

Question 35

Unprocessed MSW (the mass bum option)

Answer 35

RDF-1

Question 36

MSW shredded but no separation of materials.

Answer 36

RDF-2

Question 37

The organic fraction of shredded MSW. This is usually produced in a materials recovery facility (MRF) or from source-separated organics such as newsprint.

Answer 37

RDF-3

Question 38

Organic waste produced by an MRF has been further shredded into a fine, (almost powder) form, sometimes called fluff.

Answer 38

RDF-4

Question 39

Organic waste produced by a MRF that has been densified by a pelletizer or a similar device. These pellets often can be fired with coal in existing furnaces.

Answer 39

RDF-5

Question 40

Organic fraction of the waste that has been further processed into liquid fuel, such as oil.

Answer 40

RDF-6

Question 41

Organic waste processed into a gaseous fuel

Answer 41

RDF-7

Question 42

move and mix solids

Answer 42

Grates

Question 43

proceeds at a very slow rate of temperature increase, generally less than one degree C per second, and the final temperature range is between 500 and 750°C

Answer 43

slow pyrolysis

Question 44

takes place at a more rapid temperature rise, of 5 to 100°C/sec, and reaches­ temperatures of between 750 and 1OOO°C.

Answer 44

Intermediate pyrolysis

Question 45

occurs when the temperature rises fast, between 500 and 106 degrees C per sec­ond. The temperatures reached with this process are over 1OOO°C.

Answer 45

Rapid pyrolysis

Question 46

takes place when the temperature rise is essentially instantaneous, at over 106 degrees c per second. The temperatures attained in this process exceed 1200°c.

Answer 46

Flash pyrolysis

Question 47

By how much percent of original mass does ash residue have?

Answer 47

~25% of original mass (5% of original)

Question 48

By how many percent is the controlled parameters of moisture and C/N ratio must be set for composting?

Answer 48

– Moisture (~50%) – C/N ratio (20 80)

Question 49

A group of organic compounds called polychlorinated dibenzodioxins(PCDD)

Answer 49

Dioxin by-products

Question 50

How high can a temperature get when composting?

Answer 50

70 degC

Question 51

Planning considerations:

Answer 51

– Volume (lifetime) of landfill – Siting (fatal flaw analysis) – Permits and regulations

Question 52

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of leachate loading rate?

Answer 52

600-1000

Question 53

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Maximum leachate head

Answer 53

9-12

Question 54

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Pipe spacing?

Answer 54

60-400

Question 55

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of collection pipe diameter?

Answer 55

6-8

Question 56

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the collection pipe material?

Answer 56

PVC or HDPE

Question 57

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Pipe slope

Answer 57

0.5-2

Question 58

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of drainage slope?

Answer 58

0.5-2