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NMSK year 1 > Integrated Histology - Tissue types > Flashcards

Integrated Histology - Tissue types Flashcards

1
Q

What does histology mean?

A

The study of tissue.

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2
Q

Describe the basic stages of tissue section separation.

A

1 - Tissue collection
2 - Fixation and trimming
3 - Dehydration by exposing to alcohol
4 - Embedded in paraffin which makes it embedded
5 - Sectioned with micrometer
6 - Straightened
7 - Transfer to slide
8 - Staining and cover slipping

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3
Q

What structures would we be looking at when staining a tissue sample with Haematoxylin (blue)?

A

Genetic material (DNA and RNA)

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4
Q

What structures would we be looking at when using Eosin (pink) to stain a tissue?

A

Mainly protein (Cytoplasm).

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5
Q

How can epithelium be classified?

A

Morphology - Cell shape and arrangement of cells
Function - Glandular vs Non-glandular.

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6
Q

What is meant by a ‘Simple epithelium’?

A

A single layer of cells.

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7
Q

Describe the structure of Simple Squamous epithelium.

A
  • Very thin, best suited for passive transport
  • Provide little protection and thus are no found on surfaces subject to high stress.
  • Found in Alveoli, vessels and body cavities.
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8
Q

Describe the structure of simple cuboidal and columnar.

A
  • Associated with secretion an/or absorption
  • Columnar is made up of tall and thin cells (markedly polarised)
  • Columnar also often has apical modifications (cilia and microvilli)
  • Found in the intestine, female repro system
  • Cuboidal: Thyroid, kidney, secretary portion of many glands
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9
Q

Describe the structure of Pseudostratified Epithelium.

A
  • Nuclei not being orientated on one level, so gives the impression it is multilayered
  • All cells rest on basement membrane
  • Secretion and movement of particles along the tubular organs
  • Also known as respiratory epithelium
  • Found in Trachea, Bronchi, Epididymis
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10
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Multiple layer of cells.

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11
Q

Describe the structure of Stratified squamous epithelium.

A
  • Most common multi-layered epithelia
  • Protection of underlying tissues and prevents their desiccation
  • Small animal: In the skin, Outer layers undergo keratinisation.
  • Large animals: Keratinising stratified squamous epithelium in the skin
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12
Q

Describe the structure of stratified columnar and cuboidal epithelium.

A
  • Not abundant
  • Found covering transition between simple and stratified epithelia.
  • Respiratory tract, exocrine glands
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13
Q

Describe the structure of Transitional epithelia.

A
  • Only found in the urogenital system and are also known as ‘urothelium’
  • Subject to marked variation of internal pressure, cell shape depends on the degree of distension
  • Appearance can change from thick stratified columnar to stratified squamous
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14
Q

How can the different tissues be classified?

A
  • Methods of secretion (endocrine or exocrine)
  • Type of secretion
  • Shape
  • Cell numbers
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15
Q

What is an Endocrine gland?

A
  • Glands that lack ducts and have no connection to external or internal surfaces
  • Produce hormones
  • Near blood vessels
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16
Q

What is an Endocrine gland?

A
  • Secrete its products into a lumen or a free space
  • Can be unicellular or multicellular
17
Q

What different secretary product can a gland produce?

A
  • Serous: Clear, watery fluid
  • Mucous: More viscous fluid
  • Mixed: Combination of Serous and mucous
18
Q

What are the different types of secretion?

A

Merocrine: exocytosis, cell membranes intact (most glands)
Holocrine: Cell membrane ruptures, detachment and cell death
Apocrine: ‘Decapitation secretion’ (pinches of a bit of its own surface wit the secretory product inside

19
Q

What are thee different apical modifications that epithelia can have?

A

Cilia: Motile (can move), long cell processes
Microvilli: Non-motile, minute projections found in the epithelia specialised for absorption (massively increase SA)
Sterocilia: Long microvilli

20
Q

What are the different types of junctions connecting tissue to on another?

A
  • Adherent junctions
  • Tight junctions
  • Gap junctions
21
Q

What is an adherent junction?

A
  • Cells that must bind to each other and to basement membrane to assure tissue cohesion
    Desmosomes - Cells together
    Hemidesmosome - Cells to extracellular matrix
22
Q

Wha is a Tight junction?

A

Occluding - Cells that are involved in controlling what enters the body
- Two pathways for this (paracellular and Transcellular pathway)
- The tight junctions limit the paracellular movement of water and molecules

23
Q

What is a Gap junction?

A
  • Cells from the body must communicate between themselves.
  • This is controlled by gap junctions
  • Aqueous channels (pore-like) allowing small molecules to pass between two adjacent cells

NMSK year 1 (3 decks)

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