Insulin Treatment

Question 1

What is the function of analogue insulin?

Answer 1

It has been manipulated to alter rates of absorption and persistence in the circulation

Question 2

Give an example of a human short acting insulin?

Answer 2

Actrapid

Question 3

Give an example of a human long acting insulin?

Answer 3

Insulatard

Question 4

Give 2 examples of an analogue rapid acting insulin?

Answer 4

Humalog or Novorapid

Question 5

Give 2 examples of an analogue long acting insulin?

Answer 5

Lantus or Levemir

Question 6

What can short acing insulins be used for?

Answer 6

Pre-meal injections, during labour or medical emergencies

Question 7

How soon will short acting insulin analogues begin to work? How long will they last?

Answer 7

10-15 mins // 4-5 hours

Question 8

How soon will short acting human insulin begin to work? How long will they last?

Answer 8

30-60 mins // 5-8 hours

Question 9

Which type of insulin is more likely to cause hypoglycaemia?

Answer 9

Human

Question 10

When will human long acting basal insulins peak?

Answer 10

4-6 hours after administration

Question 11

Most patients should be on what insulin therapy?

Answer 11

Long acting basal analogue insulin e.g. lantus/levemir

Question 12

Patients will be taught to match their prandial insulin dose to what?

Answer 12

Carbohydrate intake, pre-meal glucose, anticipated activity

Question 13

What should the pre-meal target of glucose be?

Answer 13

3.9-7.2mmol/l

Question 14

What is the target of glucose after the beginning of a meal?

Answer 14

< 10mmol/l

Question 15

What is the function of a basal bolus regimen?

Answer 15

Mimics normal endogenous insulin production

Question 16

What insulins are used in a basal bolus?

Answer 16

A long acting (basal) insulin and a rapid acting (bolus) insulin

Question 17

When is the rapid acting insulin given in a basal bolus regimen?

Answer 17

With each meal

Question 18

When is the long acting insulin given in a basal bolus regimen?

Answer 18

Before bed

Question 19

What is the most flexible insulin regimen?

Answer 19

Basal bolus

Question 20

What injections will you take in a bi-daily regimen?

Answer 20

2 injections of a mix of short and intermediate acting insulin

Question 21

Who is a bi-daily insulin regimen suitable for?

Answer 21

People with a consistent routine

Question 22

Who is a once daily insulin dose used in?

Answer 22

Type 2 diabetics on medication also

Question 23

What type of insulin is used in a once daily regimen?

Answer 23

Long acting peak less insulin

Question 24

When should once daily insulin be taken?

Answer 24

Before breakfast

Question 25

When should twice daily insulin be taken?

Answer 25

One at breakfast and one at dinner

Question 26

When is IV insulin used?

Answer 26

DKA, HHS, acute illness and fasting patients

Question 27

What is the target HbA1c?

Answer 27

53-58mmol/mol

Question 28

What should you always check insulin injection sites for? What should patients do to avoid this complication?

Answer 28

Lipohypertrophy // Patients should change the sites of their injections and always use clean needles