Insulin Treatment Flashcards
What is the function of analogue insulin?
It has been manipulated to alter rates of absorption and persistence in the circulation
Give an example of a human short acting insulin?
Actrapid
Give an example of a human long acting insulin?
Insulatard
Give 2 examples of an analogue rapid acting insulin?
Humalog or Novorapid
Give 2 examples of an analogue long acting insulin?
Lantus or Levemir
What can short acing insulins be used for?
Pre-meal injections, during labour or medical emergencies
How soon will short acting insulin analogues begin to work? How long will they last?
10-15 mins // 4-5 hours
How soon will short acting human insulin begin to work? How long will they last?
30-60 mins // 5-8 hours
Which type of insulin is more likely to cause hypoglycaemia?
Human
When will human long acting basal insulins peak?
4-6 hours after administration
Most patients should be on what insulin therapy?
Long acting basal analogue insulin e.g. lantus/levemir
Patients will be taught to match their prandial insulin dose to what?
Carbohydrate intake, pre-meal glucose, anticipated activity
What should the pre-meal target of glucose be?
3.9-7.2mmol/l
What is the target of glucose after the beginning of a meal?
< 10mmol/l
What is the function of a basal bolus regimen?
Mimics normal endogenous insulin production
What insulins are used in a basal bolus?
A long acting (basal) insulin and a rapid acting (bolus) insulin
When is the rapid acting insulin given in a basal bolus regimen?
With each meal
When is the long acting insulin given in a basal bolus regimen?
Before bed
What is the most flexible insulin regimen?
Basal bolus
What injections will you take in a bi-daily regimen?
2 injections of a mix of short and intermediate acting insulin
Who is a bi-daily insulin regimen suitable for?
People with a consistent routine
Who is a once daily insulin dose used in?
Type 2 diabetics on medication also
What type of insulin is used in a once daily regimen?
Long acting peak less insulin
When should once daily insulin be taken?
Before breakfast
When should twice daily insulin be taken?
One at breakfast and one at dinner
When is IV insulin used?
DKA, HHS, acute illness and fasting patients
What is the target HbA1c?
53-58mmol/mol
What should you always check insulin injection sites for? What should patients do to avoid this complication?
Lipohypertrophy // Patients should change the sites of their injections and always use clean needles
