Insulin,glacgon Flashcards

1
Q

Where is glucose absorbed?

A

In the GI tract

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2
Q

What is glucose really important for?

A

The brain as it is its only energy source

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3
Q

Where does glucose go after it enters the GI tract?

A

The circulation

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4
Q

What is glucose used for?

A

To fuel metabolism in many tissues

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5
Q

What are the main sites of glucose storage?

A

Muscle and liver

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6
Q

How is glucose used to fuel metabolism?

A

Used to produce ATP (energy)

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7
Q

How is glucose stored in the liver and muscle?

A

As glycogen

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8
Q

What happens to glucose after eating?

A

Increases, increasing circulation

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9
Q

What happens when glucose increases?

A

More ATP can be produced and increased O2 demand

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10
Q

What happens when glucose is scarce?

A

Glucose released from glycogen store

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11
Q

Amino acid raise and insulin and glucagon?

A

Insulin release which promotes amino acid uptake but glucose inappropriately but also glucagon so compensates.

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12
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Making glucose from lipids and amino acids.

Glycogen stores -> fat -> proteins

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13
Q

What does glucagon do? (2)

A

Promotes glucose release from glycogen stores (mainly liver)

Promotes gluconeogenesis to convert lipids and amino acids in to glucose

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14
Q

Fed state

A

Insulin dominates

  • Inc glucose oxidation
  • Inc glycogen synthesis
  • Inc fat synthesis
  • Inc protein synthesis
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15
Q

Fasting state

A

Glycogen dominates

  • Inc glycogenesis
  • Inc gluconeogenesis
  • Inc ketogenesis
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16
Q

Gestational diabetes

A
  • Goes after pregnancy
  • Second or third trimester
  • Beta cells cannot produces enough insulin to meet the needs
17
Q

Consequences of Gestational diabetes

A
  • Larger baby
  • Premature
  • Pre-eclampsia (High BP)
  • Jaundice
  • Increased risk of type 2
18
Q

Effects of insulin (4)

A
  • Promotes uptake and storage of glucose (mainly liver/ skeletal muscle)
  • Promotes metabolic utilisation of glucose and so “spares” fatty acid
  • Promotes storage of fat
  • Promotes synthesis of new protein
19
Q

What promotes release of insulin?

A

Hyperglycemia

Raised level of amino acid