Insulin

Question 1

Rapid Acting Drugs

Answer 1

Lispro

Aspart

Question 2

Short Acting

Answer 2

Regular

Question 3

Intermediate Acting

Answer 3

Isophane NPH

Question 4

Long Acting

Answer 4

Glargine

Detemir

Question 5

Rapid Acting Onset

Answer 5

15 minutes or less

Question 6

Rapid Acting Peak

Answer 6

lispro 30min to 2.5 hours

aspart 1 to 3 hours

Question 7

Rapid Acting Duration

Answer 7

lispro 3 to 6 hours

aspart 3 hours

Question 8

Time of Rapid Acting Adverse Reaction & symptoms

Answer 8

Midmorning; trembling, weakness

Client should eat within 5 to 15 minutes after injection; also used in insulin pumps

Question 9

Short Acting Onset

Answer 9

30 to 60 min

Question 10

Short Acting Peak

Answer 10

1 to 5 hours

Question 11

Short Acting Duration

Answer 11

6 to 10 hours

Question 12

Time of Short Acting Adverse Reaction & symptoms

Answer 12

Midmorning, Afternoon; weakness, fatigue

Clear solution; given 20 to 30 min before meal; can be alone or with other insulins

Question 13

Intermediate-Acting Onset

Answer 13

1 to 2 hours

Question 14

Intermediate Acting Peak

Answer 14

6 to 14 hours

Question 15

Intermediate Acting Duration

Answer 15

16 hours

Question 16

Time of Intermediate Acting Adverse Reaction & symptoms

Answer 16

Early evening; weakness, fatigue

White and cloudy solution; can be given with meals

Question 17

Long acting Onset

Answer 17

3 to 4 hours

Question 18

Long acting Peak

Answer 18

Continuous; no peak

Question 19

Long acting Duration

Answer 19

24 hours

Question 20

Characteristics of Long acting Insulin

Answer 20

Maintains blood sugar levels regardless of meals; cannot be mixed with other insulins; given at bedtime

Question 21

Herbal interactions

Answer 21

Bee pollen, ginkgo biloba, glucosamine: may increase glucose

basil, bay leaf, chrmium, echinacea, garlic, ginseng: may decrease glucose

Question 22

Oral Hypoglycemic agent: sulfonylureas

Answer 22

Glimepiride
Glipizide
Glyburide

Question 23

Sulfonylurea side effects

Answer 23

Only used if very little beta-cell function
GI symptoms and dermatologic reactions
Take with food

Question 24

Oral Hypoglycemic agent: Biguanides

Answer 24

Metformin

Question 25

Biguanide side effects

Answer 25

Nausea, Diarrhea, Abdominal discomfort
avoid if renal impairment
can cause lactic acidosis
avoid alcohol
Do no give with alpha-glucodiase inhibitors

Question 26

Oral Hypoglycemic agent: Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 26

acarbose

miglitol

Question 27

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor side effects

Answer 27

abdominal discomfort
diarrhea & gas
delays digestion of carbohydrates
must take immediately before a meal

Question 28

Oral Hypoglycemic agent: Thiazolidinediones

Answer 28

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

Question 29

Thiazolidinedione side effects

Answer 29

infection
headache
pain
rare cases of liver failure
must have regularly scheduled liver-function studies
can cause resumption of ovulation in perimenopause

Question 30

oral hypoglycemic agent: meglitinides

Answer 30

repaglinide

Question 31

meglitinide side effects

Answer 31

hypoglycemia
GI disturbances
URIs
Back pain
Headache
med should not be taken if meal is skipped

Question 32

oral hypoglycemic agent: gliptins

Answer 32

sitagliptin

Question 33

gliptin side effects

Answer 33

Upper respiratory infections

hypoglycemia

Question 34

oral hypoglycemic agent: incretin mimetic

Answer 34

Exanatide

Question 35

Incretin mimetic side effects

Answer 35

GI upset
hypoglycemia
pancreatitis
administer 1 hour before meals