insulin Flashcards
Regular Insulin (short acting)
Clear solution
IV drip
Taken before meals to control the rapid rise in blood glucose that happen after eating
Onset of regular insulin (short acting)
1 hour
Peak of Regular insulin
(short acting)
2 hours
Duration of Regular insulin
(short acting)
4 hours
Pattern for Regular Insulin (how to memorize onset, peak, and duration)
1-2-4
NPH, Intermediate insulin
Cloudy
Can’t be given IV bc it will precipitate
Usually taken twice daily to provide basal insulin between meals and overnight. Used in type 2 or in combination with other insulin in type 1
Onset of NPH
6 hours
Peak of NPH
8-10 hours
Duration of NPH
12 hours
Pattern of NPH
6-8-10-12
Rapid Acting
FAST ACTING
Should be taken before melas to control the rapid rise in blood glucose levels that happen after eating or used for correction doses when blood glucose is too high.
Onset of Rapid Acting
15 mins
Peak of Rapid Acting
30 min
Duration of Rapid Acting
3 hours
Pattern of Rapid Acting
15-30-3
Long Acting
Cannot be mixed with other insulin
Little no risk for hypoglycemia
Only one that can be given at bedtime to regulate blood sugar levels overnight
Onset of Long Acting
60-120 minutes
Peak of Long Acting
No peak
Duration of Long Acting
12-24 hours
Another form of insulin enhancement
Exercise (its like another shot of insulin)
If pt is going to play a sport it’s important to decrease insulin dosage
What is Diabetes Mellitus
Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar (glucose)
Type 1 : autoimmune disorder where the body destroys insulin-producing beta cells in pancreas
Type 2 : Body becomes resistant to insulin or pancreas does not produce enough insulin to maintain glucose levels
What is Diabetes Insipidus
Not related to blood sugar or insulin it is a condition that affects the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine. Caused by deficiency of vasopressin which helps regulate the body’s water balance.
If your pt hypoglycemic and is unconscious or unable to swallow what should you administer ?
glucagon IM or subcutaneously and repeat in 10 minutes if they are still unconscious
Foot care for a diabetic
-Cleanse feet daily in warm water
-Trim nails straight across (not rounded)
- Inspect feet daily (in between toes too)
