Insulin

Question 0

What are it’s 4 main actions?

Answer 0

Promotes transmembrane transport of glucose and amino acids into cells
Glycogen formation
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
Conversion of glucose to fat and amino acids to protein

Question 1

What kind or Hormone is insulin?

Answer 1

Protein hormone

Question 2

If blood sugar is too high what happens?

Answer 2

Pancreas stimulated to produce insulin, glucose taken up by cells and glycogen formation is stimulated in the liver

Question 3

If the blood sugar levels are too low-

Answer 3

Glucagon release is promoted, stimulates glycogen breakdown (into glucose)

Question 4

What secretes insulin?

Answer 4

Beta cells in the Islet of Langerhans (in pancreas)

Question 5

What secretes glucagon?

Answer 5

Secreted by pancreas alpha cells

Question 6

What is glucagon’s primary action?

Answer 6

Glycogenolysis

Question 7

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 7

Absolute deficiency of insulin (usually autoimmune destruction of B cells of the pancreas)

Question 8

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

Thirst, polyuria (peeing lots) (esp at night), blurred vision (disrupted water balance), drowsiness, dehydration

Question 9

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 9

Insulin resistance due to a down regulation of receptors or a signalling malfunction

Question 10

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Obesity
Age
Diet
Ethnicity
Physical inactivity 
Family history

Question 11

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

Answer 11

Tyrosine kinase receptor
The receptor is internalised after use
Transcription factors bind to promoters of insulin dependent genes