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GPHT > Instrumentation > Flashcards

Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q
  • carousel-type
  • 9-10 rgt positions
  • 2-3 wax positions
A

Tissue-Transfer processors

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2
Q

capacity: 30-110

A

Tissue-Transfer processors

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3
Q

transfer of tissues, container within a basket through a series of stationary reagents arranged in-line or in a circular carousel plan

A

Tissue-Transfer processors

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4
Q

processing fluids pumped to and from a retort in which tissues remain stationary

A

Fluid-Transfer processors

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5
Q
  • 10-12 rgt statiosn with adjustable temperature (30-45º)
  • capacity: 100-300 cassettes
A

Fluid-Transfer processors

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6
Q
  • only used in histopath labs with moderate to heavy workloads
  • for easy preparation of tissue blocks
A

Tissue Embedding Center

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7
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

instant cooling of the exchange plates

A

Freon Refrigeratory System

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8
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

  • forms penthouse that contains molten paraffin
  • has a microswitch dispenser (lower left of the penthouse)
  • maintains paraffin optimal temperature
  • with adjustable thermostatic control
A

Paraffin Melting Chamber

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9
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

filters particles & sediments

A

microscreen

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10
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

provides a non-clogging flow of molten paraffin for the casting of the molds when the plate is gently pressed

A

Microswitch dispensers

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11
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

“hot & cold plates”

A

Hot & Cold Orientation platforms

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12
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

for different operations of the embedding procedure

A

Hot & Cold Orientation platforms

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13
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

catches excess paraffin

A

waste drawer

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14
Q

Tissue Embedding Center

to preheat forceps

A

hot well

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15
Q

Basic instrument used that is capable of cutting section at a predetermined thickness by sliding the block into a cutting tool which is fixed and attached to the machine

A

microtome

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16
Q

Microtome Parts

Where the tissue is held in position

A

block holder

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17
Q

Microtome Parts

For actual cutting of tissue sections

A

knife/knife carrier

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18
Q

Microtome Parts

To line up the tissue block in proper position with the knife, adjusting the proper thickness of the tissues for successive sections

A
  • Pawl
  • Ratchet Feed Wheel
  • Adjustment Screws
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19
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • oldest type
  • simplest
A

rocking microtome

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20
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • invented by Paldwell Trefall in 1881
  • Used to cut small and large blocks of paraffin tissues
  • Not recommended for serial sections because tissues are cut in slightly curved planes
A

Rocking microtome

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21
Q

Types of Microtomes

“Minot microtome”

A

Rotary microtome

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22
Q

Types of Microtomes

invented by Minot in 1885-1886

A

Rotary microtome

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23
Q

Types of Microtome

  • operated by rotation of the flywheel
  • most common type used for routine and research laboratories
    • sectioning paraffin-embedded tissues
A

Rootary microtome

24
Q

Types of Microtome

developed by Adams in 1789

A

Sliding microtome

25
Q

Types of Microtome

  • recommended for cutting extremely hard and rough tissue blocks
  • most dangerous type of microtome because it has a
    movable exposed knife
A

Sliding microtome

26
Q

Sliding Microtome

  • two movable pillars holding the adjustable knife clamps, allowing the knife to be set at an angle for cutting celloidin sections
  • suited for sectioning specimens embedded in all
    forms of media
    • cutting sections from tough tissue blocks
A

Base-Sledge microtome

27
Q

Sliding Microtome

block remains stationary while a knife is moved backward and forward during sectioning

A

Standard sliding microtome

28
Q

Sliding Microtome

developed mainly for cutting celloidin-embedded tissue blocks

A

Standard sliding microtome

29
Q

Types of Microtomes

invented by Queckett in 1848

A

Freezing microtome

30
Q

Types of Microtomes

designed for cutting frozen sections

A

Freezing microtome

31
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • a lever-operated valve allows the release of rapid intermittent burst of CO2
  • provides a means of preparing thin sections of fresh frozen tissues or fluorescent antibody staining techniques or histochemical enzyme studies
A

Freezing microtome

32
Q

Types of Microtome

most commonly used for rapid preparation of urgent tissue biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

A

Freezing microtome

33
Q
  • cryotome
  • deisgned by Linderstrom-Lang & Mogenses in 1938
A

cryostat

34
Q
  • a microtome kept inside a cold chamber
  • (maintained at -5 to -30ºC by an adjustable thermostat)*
  • usually seen in Rotary Microtomes
  • (preferably rustproof)*
A

cryostat

35
Q

Types of Microtome

“ultramicrotome”

A

Ultrathin microtome

36
Q

Types of Microtome

primarily used for cutting tissues at 0.5 micra for electron microscopy

A

Ultrathin microtome

37
Q

Ultrathin microtome’s knoves are usually made of?

A
  • glass
  • diamonds
  • sapphires
38
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • block is brought to the edge to the knife-edge under microscopical control
  • sections are placed in a water bath adjacent to the knife-edge
A

Ultrathin microtome

39
Q

Types of Microtomes

designed to cut sections from fresh unfixed materials from animal or botanical sources

A

vibrating microtome

40
Q

Types of Microtomes

high-speed vibrations produced by a safety razor blade which provides the cutting power

A

vibrating microtome

41
Q

Types of Microtomes

sectioning for rigid botanical materials

A

hand microtome

42
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • designed to cut sections from very hard materials such as:
    • undecalcified bone
    • glass
    • ceramics
  • samples are embedded in resin
A

saw microtome

43
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • moved extremely slow against a diamond-coated saw rotating @ 600 rpm
  • cannot produce thin sections
A

saw microtome

44
Q

Types of Microtome

  • designed to section large blocks of tissues
  • block holder is mounted on a steel carriage which slides backward and forwards on guides against a fixed horizontal knife
A

sledge microtome

45
Q

Types of Microtomes

for non-contact sectioning inside a botanical tissue without causing thermal damage

A

laser microtome

46
Q

Types of Microtome

equipped with femtosecond laser technology

A

laser microtome

47
Q

Types of Microtomes

  • dual purpose
  • can produce rapid freezing sections or routine paraffin sections
  • can produce sections from 1-245 microns
A

computerized microtome

48
Q

Microtome Knives

25 mm in length

A

plane-concave knife

49
Q

Microtome Knives

120 mm in length

A

biconcave knife

50
Q

Microtome Knives

100 mm in length

A

plane-wedge knife

51
Q

Microtome Knives

one side of the knife is flat while the other is concave

A

plane-concave knife

52
Q

Microtome Knives

  • both sides are concave
  • recommended for cutting paraffin-embedded sections on a rotary microtome
A

biconcave knife

53
Q

Microtome Knives

both sides are straight

  • recommended for:
    • frozen sections
    • extremely hard and tough specimens embedded in paraffin blocks using a base-sledge type or sliding type
A

plane-wedge knife

54
Q

Microtome Angles

  1. 27°-31°
  2. 15°
  3. 3°-8°
  4. 90°
  5. ° between block face & upper knife facet
A
  1. 27°-31° = bevel angle
  2. 15° = wedge angle
  3. 3°-8° = clearance angle
  4. 90° minus upper facet’s angle = rake angle
  5. ° between block face & upper knife facet = cutting angle
55
Q

Clearance angle is best at what angle?

A

5°

GPHT (4 decks)

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