Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgical basics > Instrumentation > Flashcards

Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

What must sharps be placed in on the completion of surgery

A

Gallipot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What must swabs be placed in on the completion of surgery?

A

Kick bucket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Mayo pin used for?

A

Hand towel clamps and crushing forceps to facilitate storage and easy lifting from the basket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What instrument is the gold-standard for cutting and causes the least trauma?

A

Stainless steel scalpel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common scalpel handle type?

A

Number 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common number blade?

A

number 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of incision gives the best control of length, depth and direction?

A

Slide cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which grip is used for long incisions?

A

Fingertip grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which grip increases precision and depth control and is used for shorter/more delicate incisions

A

pencil grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of incision is used to enter body cavities or fluid-filled organs such as the linea alba or the bladder?

A

Press cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What material gives better stability and protects suture damage on the tips of needle holders?

A

Tungsten Carbide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between Mayo-hegar and Olsen-Hegar needle holders?

A

Olsen-Hegar have a cutting blade built into the jaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the four grip types for instrument handling

A
  • Tripod (most used)
  • Thenar
  • Palmed
  • Pencil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are blunt tipped or sharp tipped scissors preferred?

A

Blunt tipped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the advantages of curved vs straight scissors?

A

Curved scissors improve visibility during dissection
Straight scissors offer a mechanical advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which instruments are useful to have long versions of for work in deeper cavities?

A
  • Needle holders
  • thumb forceps
  • metzenbaums
  • right-angled forceps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you differentiate metzenbaum scissors from Mayos

A

Metzenbaums: thin, delicate tips used for most dissections
Mays: longer, thicker blades used for cutting dense tissues. Separate pair used for cutting suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which grip gives best control over forces when using scissors?

A

Tripod grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name and describe the three types of force exerted with scissors

A

Closing: cause blades to come together
Shearing: push the blades flat against each other during closing
Torque: roll the leading edges of the blades inward to touch each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the three scissors cutting techniques:

A

Sharp dissection
Push cutting
Blunt dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe sharp dissection

A

Standard double-blade cutting action. only the tips are used to prevent crushing tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What may push cutting be used for?

A

rapidly cut through less dense, areolar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is blunt dissection used for?

A

To undermine skin edges or to break down loose connective tissue. Only the tips are used to prevent tissue trauma. Do not use excessively as it increases tissue trauma and dead space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe blunt dissection

A

The tips are introduced under the skin, the blades opened then withdrawn and then closed before re-introduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name two types of crushing forceps

A

Allis forceps
Babcock forceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which forceps have serrated tips and are used to grasp and manipulate dense tissue and fascia. They cause tissue damage due to crushing and should only be used on tissue that is going to be excised

A

Allis forceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which forceps have smooth, inverted tips. They are used to hold delicate visceral tissue and tubular organs such as the bowel. Their wider, rounded, grasping surface is less traumatic and the orifices in the tips accommodate some of the tissue, reducing the intraluminal pressure and tissue damage

A

Babcock forceps

28
Q

Name two types of non-crushing forcep

A

Doyen intestinal forceps
Satinsky clamps

29
Q

Which forceps are used to occlude the bowel lumen during GI procedures. The jaws may be straight or curved, they are concave and have fine longitudinal grooves. When closed, only the tips meet and the bowel is enclosed in the centre of the concavity.

A

Doyen intestinal forceps

30
Q

Which forceps are used to partially or completely occlude blood vessels. They have a ring handle and a ratchet mechanism to lock the jaws. The U-shaped jaws have fine striations that allow them to firmly grasp and occlude a vessel without crushing it.

A

Satinsky clamps

31
Q

What are haemostatic forceps used for?

A

To grasp vessels or vascular pedicles, providing temporary or definitive haemostasis.

32
Q

Describe the two ways to use Halstead mosquito forceps

A
  • Apply with the tip down for tip clamping of small vessels
  • Apply with the tip up for jaw clamping of vascular pedicles
33
Q

Which instrument may be used to clamp vessels or pedicles which are difficult to access with straighter forceps. They can also be used to dissect around vessels to isolate them prior to ligation

A

Right-angled forceps

34
Q

What are thumb forceps used for?

A

Stabilise tissue during dissection and suturing.

35
Q

Name four types of thumb forcep

A
  • Adson
  • Brown-adson
  • Debakey
  • Dressing
36
Q

Which thumb forceps have only two fine teeth so may cause less crushing injury than others

A

Adson

37
Q

Which thumb forceps have two parallel rows of fine teeth

A

Brown-Adson

38
Q

Which thumb forceps are used for handling delicate tissue, particularly blood vessels and visceral organs. The jaws contain two rows of microscopic teeth that fit together resulting in an even distribution of tension and atraumatic tissue handling.

A

Debakey

39
Q

Which thumb forceps have tips with smooth serrations. They are used for handling swabs and should never be used to handle tissues

A

Dressing forceps

40
Q

Which instruments have pointed tips and are designed to hold drapes to the patient’s skin.

A

Towel clamps

41
Q

What is the most popular type of towel clamp? They have ringed handles and a ratchet lock.

A

Backhaus

42
Q

Name 4 types of hand-held retractors

A
  • Senn
  • Lagenbeck
  • Malleable
  • Hohman
43
Q

Which retractors are small and double-ended, with one end having three prongs and the other a right-angled blade. Useful for retraction of superficial tissues

A

Senn retractors

44
Q

Which retractors have flat, right-angled blades and are used for retracting deeper tissues and muscle bellies

A

Lagenbeck

45
Q

Which retractors are flat and flexible, used to retract organs such as liver lobes or lung lobes within body cavities?

A

Malleable retractors

45
Q

Which retractors have a flat blade and a beak. The beak is inserted under a bone or fracture fragments while the blade depresses and protects the adjacent soft tissues.

A

Hohman retractors.

46
Q

Name four types of self-retaining retractors

A
  • Gelpi
  • Travers
  • Balfour
  • Finochietto
47
Q

Which retractors have two arms, ring handles and a ratchet hook. They are ideal for retracting skin edges, subcutaneous tissues and muscles. Exposure is optimised when two are placed at right angles to each other.

A
  • Gelpi (may be standard or paediatric)
48
Q

Which self-retaining retractors have multiple prongs to allow better tissue purchasing and force distribution?

A

Travers

49
Q

Which retractors have two moveable arms mounted on parallel slide bars. They are used for retraction of the abdominal wall during coeliotomy procedures. The central blade may or may not be used

A

Balfour

50
Q

Which retractors have two, broad, outward-curved blades mounted on a ratcheted bar. Used for spreading ribs or sternum during thoracotomies

A

Finochietto

51
Q

Name three types of suction tip

A
  • Adson
  • Yankour
  • Poole
52
Q

Which suction tip is best used for precise suctioning of small volumes of fluid

A

Adson (or Frazier’s)

53
Q

Which suction tip efficiently removed larger volumes of fluid

A

Yankour

54
Q

Which suction tip is used for suctioning fluid from body cavities. The outer fenestrated tube contains an inner pin-point suction tube and prevents occlusion by body tissues

A

Poole

55
Q

What may a thumb-controlled flexible suction tip be used for?

A

Remove fluid from the upper airways and trachea. Useful in brachycephalic patients

56
Q

What are monopolar units used for?

A

Dissection and haemostasis

57
Q

With monopolar cautery, what results in a cutting action

A

A continuous, undampened waveform

58
Q

How is coagulation achieved with monopolar cautery?

A

Blending functions and effectively burning tissues

59
Q

What is a potential complication of monopolar cautery if the ground plate is in contact with a small area?

A

Risk of thermal burns

60
Q

Vessel-sealing devices can seal vessels up to what diameter?

A

7mm

61
Q

How do harmonic devices work?

A

Ultrasonic vibrations at 55.5KHz generate heat and coagulate tissues via coaptive coagulation

62
Q

Name and describe two types of photon emission

A

Spontaneous: electrons are excited then return to rest, emitting photons. not in phase
Stimulated emission: the emitted photon is hit by a second and subsequent photons. ‘in-phase’

63
Q

What are photochemical effects

A

Chemical reactions induced directly by light. They can lead to direct tissue destruction

64
Q

What are photothermal effects?

A

heat-related interactions such as ablation and coagulation. Most medical lasers have a photothermal effect.

65
Q

What is photoablation?

A

associated with direct breakage of molecular bonds

66
Q

How does photodynamic therapy work?

A

used in the treatment of some cancers. A chromophone is introduced into diseased tissues. This absorbs laser light and converts it to heat or toxic oxygen radicals, thus destroying tissue

Surgical basics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions