instrument rating Flashcards
When is a procedure turn not used?
Straight in approach Hold in lieu of Arc used to reach the final approach segment Radar vectors Published nopt no barb=Nopt Timed approach
Two types of radar approaches?
PAR:Precision Approach Radar
-Precision Approach
ASR:Airport Surveillance Radar
-Non Precision Approach
What is an ODP?
A procedure that provides obstacle clearance
ODP’s do not include ATC-related clime requirements
To provide obstruction clearance via the least onerous route from the terminal area to the appropriate en route airway
What does a position report include?
Identification Position Time Altitude ETA of the next reporting point
What are the ways to test your VOR?
Ground +- 4 degrees
Duel +- 4 degrees
Airborne +- 6 degrees
VOT +- 4 degrees (180to/360from)
What makes up the pitot & static system?
Airspeed indicator
Altimeter
Vsi (vertical speed indicator)
What additional reports must you make?
Safety of flight Missed approach Entering a hold Leaving a hold Leaving a fix Leaving altitude True airspeed change of 10 knots or 5% Unexpected weather VFR on top Compulsory reporting points Loss of nav/ comm Unable to clime/descend ETA +\- 3 min
The heading indicator can’t purses more than _________ in ________ minutes?
3 degrees in 15 minutes
What is a SID?
Standard instrument departure
- primarily developed to reduce pilot/controller workload
- ATC clearance must be received prior to flying a SID
What does an ATC clearance contain?
Clearance limit Route Altitude Frequency Transponder code
Required equipment malfunctions you would report to ATC?
Communication
Navigation
Approach
What does the “T” in the upside down triangle on the approach plate mean?
Take-off minimums not standard and/or departure procedures are published
Feeder route
Used to navigate between the en route phase to the initial approach fix
How long are low altitude e route charts valid?
56 days
What is a TAA?
“Terminal Arrival area”
- A procedure designed for arriving aircraft with GPS
- the TAA contains a “T” structure that normally provide a NoPT for aircraft using the approach
What is the takeoff minimum for helicopters under part 91 regulations?
None, but it would be wise to make sure you have that minimum to land at the airport you are departing
When is the GPS database in the aircraft updated?
28 days
When are you required to make position reports?
- when not in radar contact you must report all compulsory reporting points along the route
- if you filed a direct flight plan you must report all points that define your route
What is a MALSR?
Medium intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights(MALSR)
When are you required to list an alternate airport on an IFR flight plan?
Whenever the first airport of intended landing does not have or meet the following:
- Approach weather reports or forecasted
- ETA through ETA +1 hour a ceiling must be at least 1000 feet above airport elevation, or at least 400 feet above the lowest applicable approach minima, whichever is higher, and the visibility will be at least two statute miles.
What instruments require to be checked every 24 months?
Pitot-static system
Encoder
Transponder
Altimeter
VFR-ON-TOP altitudes are what?
0-179 degrees
-odd thousands
180-359
-even thousands
VOR/DME/TACAN standard services volumes?
Terminal -1000agl-12000 25nm
Low altitude- 1000agl-18000 40nm
High altitude 1000agl-14500 40mm
14500agl-18000 100nm
What are the helicopter IFR alternate airport weather minimums for an airport without a instrument approach procedure?
Appropriate weather reports and forecasts must indicate, at the eta, that the ceiling and visibility will allow descent from the mea, approach, and land under basic VFR
What is a contact approach?
Pilot must request a contact approach, can’t b issued by ATC
- aircraft must remain:
- > 1sm flight visibility
- IAP equipped airport
What is the inbound leg length for a standard holding pattern below 14,000feet MSL?
1 minute
What is a DP?
Departure Procedures
Prep landed procedures which provide obstruction clearance form the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure
What are the required Maintenance inspections for an aircraft?
Annual inspection Life limited parts Time before overhaul Hundred hour Airworthiness directives Transponder/pitot static "24 months"
GPS MODES?
En route- > 30nm from ARP
Term/arm < 30 nm from ARP
Apch/active < 2nm from FAF
What are the currency requirements to acts PIC on an IFR flight? 61.57C
Within the proceeding 6 months you must have accomplished the following: -6 instrument approaches -intercepting and tracking courses -holding procedures -Biennial flight review To carry passengers, within 90 days, accomplish: -day:3 takeoff and landings -night:3 takeoff and landings
How long before departure should you file a flight plan?
30 minutes prior
What is the fuel requirement for an IFR flight In a helicopter?
You must carry enough fuel to fly for additional 30 minutes at normal cruising speed, after reaching the fist airport of intended landing and then flying to the selected alternate airport
What is a VDP?
Visual descent point
- a defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight in approach procedure from which normal descent from a MDA to the runway touchdown point may be commenced
Attitude indicator can’t dip more than how many degrees ?
More than 5 degrees dip during a taxing turn
What is a visual approach?
- VFR approach in VFR conditions without the constraint of having to follow an IAP
- may be assigned by ATC or requested by the pilot
Can you initiate an approach when the visibility is reported less than the minimum?
Yes, however, in order to land the flight visibility cannot be less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach procedure being used
When does the ILS critical area become active?
-ceiling below 800feet AGL
Visibility less than 2 miles
What are the helicopters IFR alternate airport weather minimums for an airport with a standard instrument approach procedure?
Appropriate weather reports and forecasts must indicate, at the ETA, a ceiling 200 feet above the minimum for the approach to be flown and visibility of at least 1 mile but never less than the published minimum to be flown
What are the basic components of the ILS?
Localizer
Glide-slope
Marker beacons
Approach lighting
Three types do weather advisories and how long are they posted for?
Airmet- 6hours
- Sierra: IFR conditions
- Tango: winds and turbulence
- Zulu:moderate icing
Sigmet- 4hours
Convective sigmet- 2hours
When are you required to have DME?
- When the route to be flown requires it
- above flight level 240
What is the maximum allowable error for an altimeter for flight under IFR?
+- 75 feet
What are the various compass errors?
Variation Deviation Dip errors -turning errors -acceleration errors Oscillation errors
What is an instrument rating required?
On an IFR flight plan
In IMC conditions in controlled airspace
What do you have to have in your possession when you accept a DP?
Us of a DP requires pilot possession of the textual or graphical depiction
What is the minimum radio navigation equipment that has to be on board the aircraft?
Whatever navigation equipment is suitable for the route to be flown
A VOR or tacan receiver or an operable and suitable RNAV system is required when conducting a flight under IFR in class B airspace
Two types of notams?
FDC- contains changes to instrument approach charts and en route charts
Distant- effects go/no go status
- runway closures
- frequency changes
- an aids out of service, etc.
Can you get current through the use of a flight training device or simulator?
Yes, provided it is representative of the aircraft category for the instrument privileges sought
Start time
- outbound leg
- Inbound leg
Outbound- over/abeam the fix,whichever occurs first
Inbound- when rolling out of a turn on an inbound course
When are you permitted to descend below MDA/DA on an instrument approach procedure?
- Continually in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal makeovers
- the flight visibility is not less than the visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach being used
- at least one of the references in 91.175 for the intended runway is visible
3 ways to enter a holding pattern?
Parallel-120 degrees
Tear drop- 70 degrees
Direct- 180 degrees
Two principles of gyroscopic instruments and two driving forces?
Rigidity in space
Precession
Electrical
Vacuum
What is the standard glide slope angle?
3 degrees so that it intercepts the middle marker at about 200 feet above the runway elevation
How can you reestablish currency after 6 months have elapsed since you fulfilled the requirements to act as PIC under IFR conditions?
You just compete an instrument proficiency check
What record do you have to keep in your logbook for IFR currency?
The location and type of each instrument approach accomplished
The name of the safety pilot, if required
What information must be placed in the aircraft logbook or other record to fulfill the requirements of a VOR equipment check?
Signature
Place
Error
Date
What is the maximum allowable precession on the heading indicator?
The heading indicator should not process more than 3 degrees in 15 minutes
Low en route chart airport colors
Blue- civil, approved odd approach
Green- has an approach
Brown- no IFR approaches
What are the minimum instruments and equipment requirements for a flight under IFR?
Generator/alternator Radio Altimeter Ball inclinometer(slip-skid indicator) Cock Attitude indicator Rate of turn indicator Directional gyro
How long is a US terminal procedure Publication valid?
56 days
How are aircraft approach categories determined?
Cat A- 90 knots or less Cat B- 91 to 120 knots Cat C- 121 to 140 knots Cat D- 141 to 165 knots Cat E- 166 knots or greater
Gyroscopic instruments
Heading indicator
Attitude indicator
Turn coordinator
What instruments need to be checked and how often?
30 days
- VOR
- 5 ways to check it
- ground
- duel
- airborne
- vot
- own
- 5 ways to check it
24 calendar months
- pitot-static system
- encoder
- transponder
- altimeter
