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Instrument test prep > Instrument Oral Test Prep > Flashcards

Instrument Oral Test Prep Flashcards

1
Q

When is an instrument rating required?

A

In IMC conditions in controlled airpsace,in class A, and any other time you are operating on an IFR flight plan, even if you are in VFR condtions.

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2
Q

What are the currency requirements to act as PIC on IFR flight?

A

6 instrument approaches, holding, tracking, and intercepting courses using navaids within the preceding 6 calender months. also, Biennial flight review, 3 takeoff and landings with the preceding 90 days. 61.57(C)

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3
Q

Can you get current in a simulator?

A

YES. 61.57(C)

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4
Q

What is a safety pilot?

A

a safety pilot holds atleast a private pilot certificate in the appropriate category, class and type of aircraft that you are flying.

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5
Q

What record do you have to keep in your logbook?

A

Your logbook must show that you meet the requirements of 61.57(C) in order to act as PIC under IFR. You must record the location and type of each approach and the name of the safety pilot if a safety pilot was required. 61.51(G)

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6
Q

Who do you file an IFR flight plan with?

A

FSS; Flight Service Station, 1-800-WX-BRIEF

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7
Q

How long before departure should you file a flight plan?

A

At least 30 mins. prior to departure. AIM 5-1-7(A)

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8
Q

When are you required to file an IFR Flight Plan?

A

Any time you will be operating in IMC conditions in controlled airspace or in Class A airspace.

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9
Q

When can you cancel an IFR Flight Plan?

A

Any time you are in VFR conditions (STAY VFR) and not in Class A airpsace

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10
Q

How do you close an IFR flight plan when you land at a non-towered airport?

A

You can close via radio as soon as you are in VFR conditions or you can cancel the IFR Flight Plan on the the ground by phone.

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11
Q

What are the required Maintenance Inspections for aircraft?

A 
Annaul
Life limited 
Time before overhaul
Hundred hour
Airworthiness Directive
Transponder/pitot-static system
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12
Q

How do you file direct route flights below 18,000?

A

When filing your route, you must liost all the fixes/waypoints that define your route. each of these become a compulsory reporting point (when not in radar contact). You are responsible for choosing altitudes that will guarantee you the appropriate terrian/opstacle clearance and for remaining within the coverage area of the navaids you intend to use. AIM 5-1-8(C)

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13
Q

If no miniumum altitude is published such as MEA, MOCA, MRA, MCA, what altitude should you fly at over mountainous terrain?

A

at least 2.000’ above the highest obstacle within 4N.M.

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14
Q

What is a DP?

A

DP stand for Departure Procedure. It has many purposes: provides obstruction clearance for departing aircraft, standardize procdure for departing the airport and to minimize the verbiage necessary when receiving a clearnace to depart from ATC.

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15
Q

Are you required to depart on a DP if these is one?

A

No. Make a note in the remarks section of your flight plan, “NO DP” and tell the briefer when you file.

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16
Q

What do yuo ahve to have in your possession when you accept a DP?

A

At elast a textual description of the DP

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17
Q

At 60 KTSZ. What rate of climb is required fro Kent III DP?

A

Use tbhe rate of climb table near the front of the US Terminal Procedures (Approach Pleates)

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18
Q

What FAA publication do you find a preferred route?

A

Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a preferred route?

A

By establishing preferred routes, standarization of routing is achieved and traffic flow and and controller workload is reduced. If everyone used a different route, much effort would have to be made to accommadate everyone at the same time involving exess communcation among ATC facitilies.

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20
Q

When are you required to list an alteranate airport on the IFR Flight Plan?

A

Weather: ETA +1hr. Ceiling 1,000’ above airport elevation or at least 400’ above the lowest applicable appraoch minima, which ever is higher, vis. is at least 2sm 91.169 (A) and (B)

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21
Q

What Wx info may be obtained to determine to see if you need to list an alternate airport?

A

Check the METAR and TAF to see what the weather will be like at your destination at the ETA and 1hr. after.

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22
Q

What is the standard alternate minimum for an airport that had a published Intrument approach?

A

Ceiling 200’ above the minimum for the approach to be flown, and visibility at least 1sm but never less than the minimum visibility for the appraoch to be flown.

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23
Q

What is the Weather minimums for an airport that does not have any prescribed appraoches for an alternate?

A

The ceiling and visibility minuma need to allow for decent from the MEA, approach, and land under basic VFR.

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24
Q

What is the Fuel requirement for IFR flights in a Helicopter?

A

Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing,fly from that airport to the alternate airpot and then fly after that for 30min at normal cruising speed.

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25
Q

What is a composite flight plan and how would you file it?

A

When one portion of the flight will be VFR and the ther IFR, you file a composite flight plan and check both the VFR and IFR boxes on the flight plan form. AIM 5-1-7

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26
Q

How do you cancel VFr flight plan and how you activatte IFr flight plan when you are on a compsite flight plan?

A

You must close the VFR flight plan with the neatest FSS and request your IFR clearance with them. You musta remain in VFR conditions until you receive your IFR clearnace. AIM 5-1-7

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27
Q

What do you have to do if you need to stay on an IFR flight plan beyond the clearance limit on a compsite flight plan?

A

You must contact ATC and receive further clearance before leaving the clearance limit. if you reach the clearance limit and have not received any further clerance, you must HOLD.

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28
Q

Why is obtaining a FDC NOTAM so important in IFR flights?

A

many are specifically for IFR lfights. Especially important are changes to instrument appraoch charts and en-route charts.

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29
Q

How often does the altimeter have to be inspected?

A

Within the preceding 24 calendar months.

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30
Q

How often does the Trasponder have to be inspected?

A

With the Preceding 24 Calendar months.

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31
Q

How often does the VOR have to be checked?

A

Within the preceding 30 days.

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32
Q

name 5 ways to do the VOR check and the Dgree of accuracy?

A 
Vot: 180 degree To- 360 degree From.  +/-4 degrees
Ground:+/-4 degrees
Airborne: +/- 6 Degrees
Own: +/-6 Degrees
Duel: Vor/Vor +/-4 Degrees
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33
Q

When are you required to have DME?

A

Whenever DMAE is required for the appraoch and above FL240.

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34
Q

What is the minimum radio navigational equipment that has to be on baord the aircraft?

A

Whatever is required for you to complete the flight and do the approach you are planning on performing. Vor is required for IFR in class B airpsace.

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35
Q

What are the minimum instrument and equipment requirements for IFR Flights?

A 
Generator or Alternator
Radio
Altimeter
Ball slip skid indicator
Clock with hours mins and secs
Attitude indicator
Rate of turn indicator
Directional gyro
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36
Q

How do you determine the GPS on board the aircraft is approved for GPS approaches?

A

Check the RFH or POH

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37
Q

Is an ELT required on IFR flights?

A

NO

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38
Q

How often does the Pitot-Static system have to be inspeceted?

A

Every 24 calender months.

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39
Q

The Pitot tube and Drain hole are clogged, the airspeed indicator would?

A

The airspeed Indicator would be stuck on whatever airspeed it was showing when the blockage occurred as long as you maintain the altitude at which it was stuck. if you climbed and maintained the same speed, you would see an increase in indicated airspeed and if you descended, you would see the opposite.

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40
Q

What is it important to have an alternate air source in case the static port becomes clogged?

A

All 3 Pitot-Static instruments would be useless. The airpseed Indicator would show a decrease in airspeed when you climb if you maintained airspeed and an increase when you descended. The altimeter would be frozen and the VSI would go to zero and stay there.

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41
Q

How does the altimeter read if you fly from a low pressure area to a high pressure area without resetting the altimeter?

A

It would read lower then your actual altitude.

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42
Q

What is the maximum allowable error for an altimeter for IFR flight?

A

Plus or Minus 75 feet when set to the local altimeter setting and compared to field elevation.

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43
Q

What dirves the Gyro?

A

Two ways;Vacuum and Electrical The 300/r22 is Eletrical.

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44
Q

What is the maximum allowable precession on the heading indicator?

A

The heading Indicator should not precess more then 3 degrees in 15 minutes.

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45
Q

What is the difference between the turn coordinator and turn indicator?

A

the turn coordinator shows both rate of turn and rate of bank,whule the turn and slip indicator only shows rate of turn.

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46
Q

What limiations apply to the turn coordiantor?

A

The turn coordiantor will not respond to more then 45 degrees of bank

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47
Q

What are the various compass errors?

A

Variation, Deviation and Magnetic Dip. Also the whiskey Compass can get Oscillation error.

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48
Q

When are you required to obtain an ATC Clearance?

A

When operating in IMC condition in controlled airspace and in Class A.

49
Q

Whta does ATC Clearance contain?

A 
Clearance limit
Route
Altitude
Frequency
Transponder
50
Q

What is an abbreviated departure clearance?

A

When part or all of yuor filed route is being used, the controller will simply say, “as filed”, instead of reading the full routing.

51
Q

When does ATC give you a full clearance?

A

When you’re given a different route than the one you filed.

52
Q

what is clearance limit?

A

This is the point to which you’re cleared. Ideally, this would be your destination airport, but sometimes due to traffic, you are only cleraed to a certain fix on the airway and must obtain further clearance later in the flight beofre you can proceed.

53
Q

What departing fomr a non-towered airport you normally receive a clearance void time. What is the clear Void Time?

A

To get airborne by a specific time.

54
Q

What do you have to do if not off by the clearance void time?

A

advise ATC ASAP but not more than 30 minutes.

55
Q

when departing from a towered-controlled airport, who do you call to receive a departure clearance?

A

Clearance Delivery, if no clearance delivery, call ground control.

56
Q

What do you do when approaching a clearance limit and you have not received a EFC time nor holding instructions?

A

You must ask ATC for further clearance before reaching the Fix.. If unable to obtain instruction prior to, hold standard, request clearance.

57
Q

What does T mean on the approach plate?

A

Non-standard takeoff minimum apply for that airport.

58
Q

When are you required to make position reports?

A

When not in radar contact, you must report all compulsory reporting points

59
Q

What does the position report include?

A

Identification, Position, Time, Altitude, Eta and name of next reporting point.

60
Q

What additional reports must you make?

A 
safety of flight
missed approach
entering a hold
leaving a fix
leacing altitude
true airspeed change of 10 knots or 5%
unexpected weather
VFR on top
Compulsory reporting points
loss of nav/ comm
Unable to clime/decend
Eta +/- 3mins
61
Q

What are the additional reports when not in radar contact?

A

final approach fix inbound
eta change greater then 3 minutes
compulsory reporting points or fixes to define the route.

62
Q

Are you required to make IFR reports when VFR-On-Top?

A

YES

63
Q

What weather minimums apply to VFR-On-Top?

A

The same minimums required for VFR.

64
Q

two way radio communication failure during IFR flight?

A

VFR?-Stay VFR and land as soon as practicable.
Route?-Last route assigned by ATC.
Altitude?-At the highest of the following altitudes or flight levels.

65
Q

When do you commence the approach if you experiance a radio failure while holding over a fix where approach begings, no EFC time was received?

A

Commence descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the ETA calculated from the filed or amended ETA.

66
Q

What information will ATC provide when they request you to hold at a FIX where the holding pattern is not charted?

A

Complete holding instruction, EFC time, and other delay.

67
Q

When do you have to hold?

A

Whenever you reach your clearance limit and you do not have any further clearance to proceed. This includes reaching a clearance limit en-route to an airport, as well as reaching the missed approach hold following a missed approach.

68
Q

Why is it important to receive EFC time with initial holding instructions?

A

EFC time is necessary if you should have a radio failure. This way, you know when to leave the hold.

69
Q

Describe three way to enter a holding pattern?

A

Direct, Teardrop, and Parallel.

70
Q

What is the leg length for a standard holding pattern below 14,000’?

A

1 minute

71
Q

how long are low altitude En-Route Charts good for/

A

56 Days

72
Q

When should you start a climb when crossing a MCA?

A

You MUST be at the MCA by the time you Cross the fix.

73
Q

What is a STAR?

A

Standard Terminal Arrival Route. This is a standardized procedure to transition from the en-route structureto the approach structure and is used promarily by fast, high altitude aircraft.

74
Q

What is a Precision Approach?

A

A preision Approach has a glide slope or some form of vertical guidance to maintain a constant decent angle down to the runway.

75
Q

What is a Non-Precision Approach?

A

a non-precision approach gives horizontal guidance only.

76
Q

how long are NOS charts valid for?

A

56 days

77
Q

What is a minimum vectoring altitude?

A

this is the lowest altitude at which a controller can give you vectors.

78
Q

What is a Visual Approach?

A

A visual approach is making a VFR approach in VFR conditions without the constraint of having to follow an instrument approach procedure. It can be as informal as entering the downwind and flying a normal traffic pattern to runway or shoorting a straight in. Atc can offer this clearance, or you can ask for it.

79
Q

What kind of weather condtions must exist at your destination airport when you are assigned a visual apprach?

A

In order to get a visual approach, the airport MUST BE VFR and you must have the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight.

80
Q

Does ATC provide IFR separation on a Visual Approach?

A

If you report the preceding aicraft in sight, you are now responsible for maintaining visual separation and will no longer be prvided with IFR separation.

81
Q

What is a Contact Appoarch?

A

Unlike a visual approach, you do not have to have the airport in sight, nor do you have to be VFR conditions in order to fly a contact approach. You must however have as least 1sm vis and you must request this approach yourself.

82
Q

Can you deviate from an approach procedure on a contact approach?

A

YES

83
Q

What weather miniumums do you have to maintain for a contact approach?

A

1sm flight visibility and clear of clouds.

84
Q

What are radar approaches?

A

Precision Approach(PAR) and Surveillance Approach(ARS)

85
Q

What is a No-Gyro Approach?

A

aim 5-4-11

86
Q

Where can you receive a No-Gyro Approach?

A

At any airport that has radar coverage.

87
Q

Discuss the break down of Approach plates?

A 
heading (communications table)
Plan View
Profile View
Landing Minimums 
Airport sketch
88
Q

What are the aircraft approach categories?

A 
A- less then 91kts
B- 91-120kts
C-121-140kts
D141-165kts
E-166+
89
Q

What aircraft approach category does a Helicopter fall under?

A

Category A

90
Q

What is a VDP?

A

Visual Descent Point. Most often seen on Rnav approaches and is the last point on final approach at which you can still land with a normal decent angle of 3 degrees

91
Q

When are you allowed to descend below MDA on a non-precision approach?

A

91.175 (c)

92
Q

what conditions are you allowed to descend below DH on an ILS approach?

A
  • Position allows normal maneuvers and decent
  • Flight Visibility at least the minimum for that appraoch
  • approach lighting system (ALS) to 100’ above TDZE
93
Q

What would you do if you lose the glide slop during an ILS approach?

A

Fly it as a non-Precision Approach and apply the localizer minimums.

94
Q

Can you initiate an approach when the visibility is reported less then the minimum?

A

Yes

95
Q

When being radar vectored for an approach, at what point may you start a descent from your last assigned altitude to a lower altitude if you are cleared for the approach?

A

Whenever you are established. For a localizer this means: any needle movement,for a VOR: half scale defection or less, for an NDB: within 10 degrees of the final apprach course

96
Q

how do you navigate between the en-route phase to an initial apprach fix?

A

Feeder Route

97
Q

What are the basic components of the ILS?

A
  • Horizontal Guidance: localizer
  • Vertical Guidance: Glide slope
  • Range information: marker Breacons, NDB,DME
  • Visual Information: Approach Light System (ALS)
98
Q

What visual and aural indications would a pilot receive when crossing the outer marker?

A

Blue light

99
Q

what is the standard glide slope angle?

A

3 degrees

100
Q

What is a characteristic of a localizer identifier compared to a VOR?

A

A localizer identifier always has 4 letters instead of 3 and the first is always an “I”

101
Q

What are the legal substitues for an ILS outer marker?

A

Compass locator, precision radar, DME, VOR, NDB

102
Q

What are the legal substitutes for an ILS middle marker?

A

compass locator, precision radar

103
Q

What is the ILS critical area?

A

An area established near each localizer and glide slop antenna, so not to interferewith the signals

104
Q

When does the ILS critical Area become active?

A

ceilings 800’ or less and/or visibility 2 miles or less

105
Q

What is an LDA?

A

Localizer type directional aid. An LDA approach is the same as a localizer approach, only it is not aligned with the runway. alignment is off by more then 30 degrees.

106
Q

What is an SDF?

A

Simplified directional facility. SDF has a course width of 6 to 12 degrees

107
Q

what is a Step-Down fix?

A

A series of descents along the final approach course, mainly for obstacle clearance.

108
Q

When do you have to execute a missed approach?

A

91.175 (C) and (E)

109
Q

What navigation equipment malfunction requires an immediate report to ATC?

A

ANY: communciatoin, approach or navigational equipment failure

110
Q

What are you allowed to deviate from the FAR?

A

91.3 aim6-1-1

111
Q

What is the appropriate recovery procedure for unusual attitude?

A

Bank, Pitch, Power

112
Q

What are the fundamental skills in instument flight?

A
  • Instrument Cross-Check
  • Instrument Interpetation
  • Aircraft Control
113
Q

What are the 6 basic instruments?

A
  • Airspeed indicator
  • Altimeter
  • Vertical speed indicator
  • Attitude indicator
  • Turn indicator
  • heading indicator
114
Q

What are the primary instruments for straight and level flight?

A
  • Pitch: Altimeter
  • Bank: heading Indicator
  • Power: Airspeed Indicator
115
Q

DA vs MDA

A

DA: Decision altitude- Used with presission approaches
MDA: Minimum Decent Altitude- Used with non- Presission appaoches

116
Q

What are the Approach Segments?

A

Initial approach fix (IAF)
intermediate fix (IF)
Final approach fix (FAF)
Missed approach point (MAP)

117
Q

What documents need to be in the aircraft?

A

Airworthiness Certificate
Registration
Operators Manaul
Weight & Balance

118
Q

What documents need to be on you?

A

Pilot Certificate
Medical Certificate
Picture ID

119
Q

VFR and IFR Criteria Conditions?

A 
VFR: ceiling greater than 3,000 feet agl
         Vis greater than 5sm
MFR: ceiling 1000 to 3000 feet agl
         Vis 3 to 5 sm
IFR: ceiling 500 to 1000 feet agl
         Vis 1 to 3 sm
Mift Ceiling less thatn 500 feet agl
         Vis less than 1 sm

Instrument test prep (2 decks)

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