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UPT 1812 > Instrument Gouge > Flashcards

Instrument Gouge Flashcards

1
Q

When to file IFR? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.1

A

(To the maximum extent practical)

Weather requires IFR (VFR cannot be maintained)

Airspace rules require an IFR flight plan

Night ops, unless the mission cannot be flown under IFR

Airspeed (KTAS) will exceed 180 within federal airways

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2
Q

How do you file to a destination which doesn’t have published instrument approaches? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.2.2

A

File to an IFR point where forecast weather +- 1 hr allows the pilot to continue VFR to the destination

File to a nearby airfield with approaches, get below IMC, and proceed VFR to your destination

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3
Q

If the forecast for your destination shows weather in limits, but includes a TEMPO line that is not, can you still file to that airfield? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.2.1.1, 4.15.3.1

A

Yes, but you need to file an alternate

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4
Q

When do you need to file an alternate? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.3.2

A

Weather 1: Weather at your destination, +1 hour of your ETA, is below 2000’ ceilings and 3 SM visibility (MAJCOM can approve 1000’ and 2 SM if two separate runways have two independent precision approaches) [AETC may lower the minimums to 1500’ and 3 SM with two independent precision approaches]

Weather 2: Weather reporting does not exist at your destination

Weather 3: Winds at your destination are, or are forecast to be, out off limits +1 hour of your ETA

Navaid 1: Radar is required for all approaches at your destination

Navaid 2: Unmonitored NAVAIDS at your destination

Navaid 3: GPS is the only available NAVAID

Other 1: RVSM denial would prevent you from reaching your destination

Other 2: Lowest compatible approach minimum at your destination is 1500’ and 3 SM

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5
Q

If a TEMPO condition at your alternate (+1 hour of your ETA) shows weather below mins due to thunderstorms, snow showers, or rain showers, can you still use that airfield as an alternate? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.3.4

A

Yes. However, if the TEMPO exists because of any other condition that pushes the weather below approach minimums (fog, haze, winds, etc.), you cannot use that airfield as an alternate.

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6
Q

Can you use an airfield without any published or compatible approaches as an alternate? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.3.4.4

A

Yes, but forecast weather at that airfield, ±1 hour of your ETA, must permit a VFR descent from the Minimum IFR Altitude to a VFR approach and landing

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7
Q

What disqualifies an alternate? AFI 11-202V3, 4.15.3.5

A

Weather 1: Ceiling is/forecast below 1000’ (or 500’ above lowest approach, whichever is higher) and visibility is/forecast below 2 SM (or 1 SM above lowest approach, whichever is higher), +1 hour

Weather 2: Weather reporting does not exist

Weather 3: Winds at the alternate are forecast out of limits +1 hour of your ETA

Navaid 1: Radar is required for all approaches

Navaid 2: Unmonitored NAVAIDS

Navaid 3: GPS is the only available NAVAID

Other 1: RVSM is required to reach your alternate

Other 2: (Alternate Not Authorized) on all compatible approaches

Other 3: Any note disqualifying the airfield or all compatible approaches in the IFR Alternate Minimums section

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8
Q

VFR ceiling and visibility? AFI 11-202V3, 4.16.1

A

1500’ and 3 SM

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9
Q

How does fuel planning change if you are filing with visibility only versus ceiling/visibility? AFI 11-202V3, 4.18.2

A

Filing with visibility only: Your plan must include fuel for an approach and missed approach at your destination

Filing with visibility and ceiling: Your plan only needs to include fuel up to your IAF

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10
Q

What is the required fuel reserve? AFI 11-202V3, 4.18.3

A

Enough usable fuel to increase the total planned flight time between refueling points by 10 percent (up to a maximum of 45 minutes) or 20 minutes, whichever is greater.

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11
Q

What are the weather minimums for takeoff in IMC? AFI 11-202V3, 5.1.1

A

Pilots will not takeoff if the weather is below the approach minimums, unless authorized by their MAJCOM, but in no case less than 600 RVR.

[AETC] AFI 11-2 MDS must provide specific guidance on the alternate takeoff minimums and substitute recovery procedures. Minima below 1600 RVR are not authorized unless runways are equipped with centerline lights and visible markings, and to operative transmissometers.

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12
Q

What is the minimum climb gradient required when departing an airfield under IFR? AFI 11-202V3, 5.4.3.1.1

A

200 ft./NM

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13
Q

What are the authorized types of IFR departures? AFI 11-202V3, 5.5.1

A

Standard Instrument Departure (SID)

Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP)

Non-standard Takeoff Minimums

Diverse Departure (proceed on course)

MAJCOM Certified Procedure

ATC Instructions (radar vectors)

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14
Q

What are the visibility and cloud clearance requirements for the different types of airspace? AFI 11-202V3, Table 6.1

A

Airspace

Visibility Requirement

Cloud Clearance Requirement

Class A

None

None

Class B

3 SM

Clear of clouds

Class C

3 SM

500’ below, 1000’ above, and 2000’ laterally

Class D

3 SM

500’ below, 1000’ above, and 2000’ laterally

Class E (Below 10,000’ MSL)

3 SM

500’ below, 1000’ above, and 2000’ laterally

Class E (At or above 10,000’ MSL)

5 SM

1000’ below, 1000’ above, 1 SM laterally

Class G (Below 10,000’ MSL)

3 SM

500’ below, 1000’ above, and 2000’ laterally

Class G (At or above 10,000’ MSL)

5 SM

1000’ below, 1000’ above, 1 SM laterally

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15
Q

What minimums are needed for circling/straight-in approaches? AFI 11-202V3, 7.1.2

A

For a straight-in or sidestep approach, the required visibility minimums

For a circling approach, both the required ceiling and visibility minimums

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16
Q

Can you begin your enroute descent or instrument approach if the weather at your destination is below the above mins? AFI 11-202V3, 7.1.2

A

No

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17
Q

What do you do if the weather goes below mins after you’ve already begun the approach? AFI 11-202V3, 7.1.3

A

Continue to the MAP and execute the missed approach procedure or continue to land if the runway environment is in sight and the aircraft is in a position to execute a safe landing.

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18
Q

When must you report “gear down” on an approach? AFI 11-202V3, 7.7

A

Before crossing the runway threshold

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19
Q

What are the Minimum IFR Altitudes (MIA)? (Unsourced)

A

MEA: Minimum Enroute Altitude

MRA: Minimum Reception Altitude

MCA: Minimum Crossing Altitude

MOCA: Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude – Does not ensure ATC and NAVAID reception

OROCA: Off Route Obstacle Clearance Altitude – Does not ensure ATC and NAVAID reception

OROTA: Off Route Terrain Clearance Altitude – Does not ensure ATC and NAVAID reception

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20
Q

What is an LDA? AFMAN 11-217V1, 4.9

A

Localizer-type Directional Aid, similar to a localizer but not part of a complete ILS system, doesn’t necessarily bring you in on centerline (up to 30 degrees off)

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21
Q

What are the considerations for using a VOR for doing a groundspeed check? AFMAN 11-217V1, 5.6.1

A

You must be proceeding directly to or directly from the station

Your DME from the station must be greater than your altitude divided by 1,000 (ex. if you are at FL200, you must be more than 20 NM away)

Groundspeed checks made below 5,000 AGL are always accurate

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22
Q

What do the letters X, Y, Z, following an approach title, mean on an approach plate? AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.1.3.2.1

A

More than one approach exists for the same runway using the same guidance equipment (ex. ILS Z RWY 28L) (starting with Z first, in reverse alphabetical order)

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23
Q

What do the letters A, B, C, following an approach title, mean on an approach plate? AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.1.3.4

A

The approach is designed for circling minimums only, i.e. the approach will not bring you into the airfield in line with a runway (ex. TACAN-B)

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24
Q

What are MSA and ESA? AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.4.1.7

A

MSA: Minimum Safe Altitude – Provides 1,000’ of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a specified distance from the facility

If more than one Minimum Safe Altitude is required, it becomes a Minimum Sector Altitude. These MSAs will be depicted on each approach plate and provide 1000’ of obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the facility.

ESA: Emergency Safe Altitude – Normally exists at military facilities only, provides 1,000’ of obstacle clearance (2,000’ in mountainous terrain) within 100 NM of the facility

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25
Q

Definition of Field Elevation? AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.4.4.1

A

The highest point on any usable landing surface

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26
Q

What is TDZE? AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.4.4.2

A

Touchdown Zone Elevation, the highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface

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27
Q

An approach can bring you to the runway as much as _____ degrees off centerline and still be considered a straight-in approach. AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.4.4.7

A

30 degrees

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28
Q

What are the different types of ODPs? AFMAN 11-217V1, 7.4.1

A

Routings

Low Close-in Obstacles

Visual Climbout Over Airfield (VCOA)

Reduced Takeoff Runway Length (RTRL) Procedure

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29
Q

What is a Trouble T? Does a Trouble T automatically mean there is an ODP for that airfield? AFMAN 11-217V1, 7.4.1.1

A

It is a warning that obstacles around the airfield may require non-standard departure minimums, but it does not necessarily mean there is an ODP for the airfield

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30
Q

Non-Standard Takeoff Weather Minima AFMAN 11-217V1, 7.4.1.1.1

A

Unless specifically authorized, USAF aircraft are not authorized to flight plan using “see and avoid” operations in lieu of meeting standard or published climb gradients.

USAF pilots may only use non-standard weather minima for takeoff if aircraft performance (if multi-engine, OEI) will allow the aircraft to climb to the non-standard ceiling requirement by the DER and comply with published (or standard if none published) climb gradient requirements thereafter to an appropriate IFR altitude.

31
Q

What does VOR stand for? AFMAN 11-217V1, 7.4.3.5.1

A

Very High Frequency Omni-directional Range

32
Q

What is the standard direction for holding? AFMAN 11-217V1, 8.1.1

A

Right-hand turns

33
Q

What is the length of holding at or below 14,000’? Above 14,000’? AFMAN 11-217V1, 8.3.5

A

One minute at or below 14,000’, One minute and 30 seconds above 14,000’

34
Q

When is a Procedure Turn not executed? (SNERT) AFMAN 11-217V1, 11.3.1

A

Cleared a Straight-In

Flying approach via No Procedure Turn (NoPT) routing

Established in holding, subsequently cleared the approach, and holding & procedure turn course are the same

Radar vectors to final

Timing approach (from holding)

35
Q

What is a VDP, and how do you calculate one if it isn’t published? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.1.1.3/12.1.1.3.2

A

Visual Descent Point, it is the point during a non-precision approach when you can descend out of the MDA if the runway is in sight. The VDP normally allows for a 3 degree glideslope.

Divide the Height Above Touchdown (HAT by the glideslope x100

Ex. HAT = 368 feet, Glideslope = 3 degrees

368 ft’ / 300 = 1.2 NM

36
Q

Why would a VDP be absent from an IAP? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.1.1.3.1

A

Obstacle penetrates 20:1 surface

FAA did not formerly place an emphasis on VDPs

There is no way for the pilot to know why a VDP is not published.

37
Q

Describe what constitutes the “runway environment.” AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.1.2.2

A

One or more of the following: runway, runway markings, runway lighting, VASI/PAPI, and approach lighting

NOTE: If using approach lighting to identify the landing environment, do not descend below TDZE+100 feet without seeing the red termination bars

38
Q

What is the range of the ILS glideslope signal? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.1.2.3

A

10 NM

39
Q

What is the range of a Localizer signal? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.1.3

A

18 NM, 10 degrees

40
Q

What must you do if you go one dot below or two dots above glideslope during an ILS? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.1.3.1

A

You must adhere to the Localizer minimums, but if you can recapture the glideslope within the Localizer minimums, you may resume the ILS

41
Q

When can you legally descend below the MDA? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.2.9.2

A

Sufficient visual references within the runway environment must be established and the aircraft is in a position to land safely

42
Q

What do you do if you get a RAIM failure on a GPS approach and you are inside the FAF? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.3

A

Discontinue the approach (do not descend further, climb Missed Approach altitude, proceed to the MAP and execute climbout) (see dash one guidance for pressing GPS APR button)

43
Q

What are the three modes on the GPS and what are their sensitivities? AFMAN 11-217V1, 12.2.3.1.3, 12.2.3.1.4

A

Enroute (30+ NM from the airfield): +5 miles

Approach Arm (within 30 NM of the airfield): +1 mile

Approach Active (within 2 NM of the FAF): +0.3 miles

44
Q

What three pieces of info does a controller need to issue you in order to accomplish a circling approach? AFMAN 11-217V1, 13.6.2

A

Direction from the airport (N, S, E, W, NE, NW, SE, SW)

Left/Right base

Runway #

45
Q

What must you do if you lose sight of the runway during a circling approach? AFMAN 11-217V1, 14.4.2.4

A

Execute a climbing turn in the last known direction of the LANDING runway

Intercept and fly the missed approach procedure for the APPRAOCH runway

46
Q

Define ‘Mountainous Terrain.’ AFMAN 11-217V3, Pg. 203

A

An area where the surface elevation changes more than 300’ within 1 NM or 3,000’ within 10 NM

47
Q

What are the Category B circling parameters? AFMAN 11-217V3, 10.8.5 / AFMAN 11-217V1, 6.5.1

A

91-120 KIAS / 1.5 NM radius

48
Q

What does an underlined NAVAID frequency on an approach plate mean? Any IAP, Pg. XIX

A

That NAVAID does not have voice transmission capability on that frequency

49
Q

What does a white “C” on a black square mean on the circling approach minimums line? Any IAP, Pg. XV

A

A modification to your circling approach exists to address an increase in True Airspeed due to an increase in altitude

50
Q

Identify the control tower on an airfield sketch. Any IAP, Pg. XVIII

A

Black square with TWR written above it

If the tower and airport beacon are collocated, only the beacon star symbol will be displayed

51
Q

A black star with a white circle on an airfield sketch denotes what? Any IAP, Pg. XVIII

A

Airport beacon location

52
Q

At the top of an airfield sketch in an approach plate, what does a white “D” on a black square mean? Any IAP, Pg. XVIII

A

The runway has a declared distance which may be different than the length listed next to the runway in the sketch (may be due to an obstacle, a displaced threshold, etc.)

53
Q

On an approach plate, what does a white “L” on a black circle next to a CTAF mean? Any IAP, Pg. I

A

A pilot can activate airport lighting on that frequency

54
Q

What does a dot on the top of a lighting symbol mean? What if the lighting symbol is black? FIH, B-30

A

A dot means sequenced flashing lights. A black lighting symbol means pilot-controlled lighting

55
Q

In a NORDO situation, what altitude do you fly? What route do you fly? FIH, A-6

A

Fly the highest of your Assigned, Minimum IFR, or Expected altitudes (in that order of preference). Fly the Assigned, Vectored, Expected, or Filed route (in that order of preference)

56
Q

What variation in altitude is allowed when flying at MDA? T-6 Syllabus Course Training Standards, Item #27e

A

+100 feet, -0 feet

57
Q

According to the DASH-1, when does the gear need to be down during an instrument approach? 1T-6A-1, 2-23

A

Prior to the FAF

58
Q

What is the equivalent of a FAF on an ILS approach?

A

Glideslope Intercept

59
Q

What do the different airport colors on an IFR Enroute Low Altitude chart mean? IFR Enroute Low Altitude chart,

A

Airports Legend

Blue: Airport has published instrument approaches, and/or radar minima published in High Altitude DoD FLIPs

Green: Airport has published instrument approaches, and/or radar minima published in FAA publications

Brown: Airport have no published instrument approaches or radar minima

60
Q

Maximum Holding Airspeeds

A

<= 6000’ - 200 KIAS

6000-14000 - 230 KIAS

+14000 - 265 KIAS

USAF bases - 310 KIAS

USN bases - 230 KIAS

61
Q

Comm Requirements for Radar Approaches

A

1 minute prior to final

15 sec for ASR, 5 sec for PAR on final

ASR – Airport/Air Route Surveillance Radar

PAR – Precision Approach Radar

62
Q

RAIM (Receiver Autonomus Integrity Monitoring)

A

Verifies integrity of signal of the constellation to check for faults

Requires minimum of 5 satellites, 4 with Baro-aiding

63
Q

FDE (Fault Detection Equipment)

A

Identifies which satellite is at fault

Requires 1 additional satellite (6 total, 5 with baro-aiding)

64
Q

Minimum VFR point-to-point altitude

A

3,000’ AGL

65
Q

When must an approach be designated circling?

A

Approach is >30 degrees off runway heading

Approach does not intersect extended centerline by approach end of runway

Greater than 4 degree glideslope

66
Q

RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums)

A

FL290-FL410

With proper RVSM equipment, can keep 1000’ separation

Without RVSM equipment, must report to ATC and will be kept at 2000’ separation

67
Q

Fuel Filing with alternates 11-202 V3 4.18.2

A

Ensure enough fuel to increase flight time by 10% or 20 minutes, whichever is greater, up to 45 minutes

Calculated with max fuel endurance @ 10,000 ft (321 PPH in T-6, generally rounded to 300 PPH)

68
Q

Minimum Altitudes

A

Non-congested Areas: 500’ AGL

Congested Areas: 1000’ AGL

Wildlife Preserves/National Parks: 2000’ AGL

69
Q

LAHSO (Land and Hold Short Operations)

A

Air Force members cannot participate in actively (Don’t want to restrict RWY available)

Can participate passively (takeoff/land on full RWY when someone else is LAHSOing on intersecting RWY)

70
Q

Runway End Crossing Height

A

USAF/USN Non-joint Bases: 0’ AGL

Other: 35’ AGL

71
Q

Turn Rate in Holding

A

3 deg/s, 30 deg bank, bank angle required by flight director (Auto-pilot), whichever is LEAST

72
Q

Can you deviate from the 11-217?

A

Yes, in an emergency, to protect lives, for safety of flight (EPS); must write it up post-flight

73
Q

Airspeed restrictions flying through Class C & D airspace?

A

200 KIAS when less than 2500’ AGL within 4 miles of an airport

74
Q

RAIM Failure after FAF 1-148

A

If RAIM failure is indicated (EHSI APR ACT annunciator is not illuminated) after the GPS has sequenced into approach active mode, push the GPS APR button on the right side of either the EHSI or EADI bezel to regain navigation information. If RAIM failure is indicated (EHSI APR ACT annunciator is not illuminated) and after the GPS has sequenced into approach active mode, push the GPS APR button on the right side of either the EHSI or EADI bezel to regain navigation information. Execute missed approach IAW Service guidance.

UPT 1812 (2 decks)

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