Instrument Approaches Flashcards
List the 4 precision approaches
ILS
MLS
RNP Approach
PAR
List the 6 non-precision approaches
1) VOR
2) NDB
3) ILS (localiser only)
4) GNSS
5) SRA
6) VDF
What is a precision approach?
An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance minima determined by the category of operation.
Lateral and vertical guidance refers to the guidance provided either by:
A) ground based navigation aid
B) computer generated navigation data, displayed to the pilot of an aircraft
C)?Controller interpreting the display on a radar screen (PAR)
What are non precision approaches?
Instrument approach and landing which utilise lateral guidance but not vertical guidance
What do aircraft make use of for non precision approach terrain?
Ground based beacons, a/c equipment such as VOR, NDB and localiser (LLZ) it an ILS, often in combination with DME for Range.
List the 5 segments to an IAP
1) Arrival
2) initial
3) Intermediate
4) Final
- (a) Final approach fix for NPA
- (b) Final approach point for PA
5) missed
What is the arrival segment?
Transition from en-route to IAF
What is the initial segment ?
Begins at IAF and ends at intermediate fix (IF)
What is done if there is no suitable IAF or IF?
A reversal; Racetrack or holding pattern is required.
What is the intermediate segment?
Descent grade shallow as possible, Clearance from obstacle 1,000ft to 500ft where no FAF, the inbound tracks the Final approach segment
What is the final segment?
FAF - MAPt(if not FAF end of turn to MAPt)
What is the missed segment?
Consist of 3 phases:
A) initial; MAPt to start of climb
B)intermediate; Start I’d climb to 150ft obstacle Clearance
C)Final;!150ft Clearance to point where new approach, hold or encounters begins
What do obstacle clearance specifications provide flight crews with?
1) operational appreciation
2) Procedures to be followed to keep IAP Procedures Safe
For each IAP a OCA/H is calculated and published
True or False?
True
For each precision approach and a circling approach, the OCA/H is specified for each aircraft category. True or False?
True.
What does VM(c) stand for?
Visual manoeuvring (circling)
What is VM(c)?
The visual phase of flight, after competing an instrument approach. Where and a/c is manoeuvred into position for a landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight in approach
How has obstacle clearance for VM(c) been determined?
Drawing arcs centred on each runway threshold and joining the arcs with tangent lines.
What are radius of the VM(c) arcs related to?
1) Aircraft Category
2) Speed of each category
3) wind speed: 25kts throughout turn
4) Bank angle:20 degrees average or 3 degrees per second whichever requires less bank of
List the speeds for each aircraft category A-E
A: less than 91 kts IAS B: 91-120kts C: 121-140kts D: 141-165kts E: 166-210kts
Nominal VAT is defined as 1.3x stalling speed in the landing configuration at maximum certified landing mass.
True
The OCH regarding VM(c) is the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or above AD elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance.
True
When VM(c) area established, obstacle clearance height determined for each aircraft category.
True
What is sectorisation?
A sector within a VM(c) area contains obstacles that would make thenOCH normally operationally unacceptable
What does sectorisation permit?
It is permissible to eliminate the sector from the total VM(c) where the sector lies outside the final MAPt Areas
Both Non precision approaches and and VM(c) have Minimum Decent Altitude/height (MDA/H) not decision height. True or False?
True
Fro VM(c) minimum Obstacle clearance is dependent on aircraft category. True or False?
True.
For non precision approaches Minimum obstacle clearance is how many metres without a FAF?
90m
For non precision approaches Minimum obstacle clearance is how many metres with a FAF?
75m
