Instrument Approaches

Question 1

List the 4 precision approaches

Answer 1

ILS
MLS
RNP Approach
PAR

Question 2

List the 6 non-precision approaches

Answer 2

1) VOR
2) NDB
3) ILS (localiser only)
4) GNSS
5) SRA
6) VDF

Question 3

What is a precision approach?

Answer 3

An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance minima determined by the category of operation.

Question 4

Lateral and vertical guidance refers to the guidance provided either by:

Answer 4

A) ground based navigation aid
B) computer generated navigation data, displayed to the pilot of an aircraft
C)?Controller interpreting the display on a radar screen (PAR)

Question 5

What are non precision approaches?

Answer 5

Instrument approach and landing which utilise lateral guidance but not vertical guidance

Question 6

What do aircraft make use of for non precision approach terrain?

Answer 6

Ground based beacons, a/c equipment such as VOR, NDB and localiser (LLZ) it an ILS, often in combination with DME for Range.

Question 7

List the 5 segments to an IAP

Answer 7

1) Arrival
2) initial
3) Intermediate
4) Final
- (a) Final approach fix for NPA
- (b) Final approach point for PA
5) missed

Question 8

What is the arrival segment?

Answer 8

Transition from en-route to IAF

Question 9

What is the initial segment ?

Answer 9

Begins at IAF and ends at intermediate fix (IF)

Question 10

What is done if there is no suitable IAF or IF?

Answer 10

A reversal; Racetrack or holding pattern is required.

Question 11

What is the intermediate segment?

Answer 11

Descent grade shallow as possible, Clearance from obstacle 1,000ft to 500ft where no FAF, the inbound tracks the Final approach segment

Question 12

What is the final segment?

Answer 12

FAF - MAPt(if not FAF end of turn to MAPt)

Question 13

What is the missed segment?

Answer 13

Consist of 3 phases:
A) initial; MAPt to start of climb
B)intermediate; Start I’d climb to 150ft obstacle Clearance
C)Final;!150ft Clearance to point where new approach, hold or encounters begins

Question 14

What do obstacle clearance specifications provide flight crews with?

Answer 14

1) operational appreciation

2) Procedures to be followed to keep IAP Procedures Safe

Question 15

For each IAP a OCA/H is calculated and published

True or False?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

For each precision approach and a circling approach, the OCA/H is specified for each aircraft category. True or False?

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

What does VM(c) stand for?

Answer 17

Visual manoeuvring (circling)

Question 18

What is VM(c)?

Answer 18

The visual phase of flight, after competing an instrument approach. Where and a/c is manoeuvred into position for a landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight in approach

Question 19

How has obstacle clearance for VM(c) been determined?

Answer 19

Drawing arcs centred on each runway threshold and joining the arcs with tangent lines.

Question 20

What are radius of the VM(c) arcs related to?

Answer 20

1) Aircraft Category
2) Speed of each category
3) wind speed: 25kts throughout turn
4) Bank angle:20 degrees average or 3 degrees per second whichever requires less bank of

Question 21

List the speeds for each aircraft category A-E

Answer 21

A: less than 91 kts IAS
B: 91-120kts
C: 121-140kts 
D: 141-165kts
E: 166-210kts

Question 22

Nominal VAT is defined as 1.3x stalling speed in the landing configuration at maximum certified landing mass.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The OCH regarding VM(c) is the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or above AD elevation as applicable used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

When VM(c) area established, obstacle clearance height determined for each aircraft category.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is sectorisation?

Answer 25

A sector within a VM(c) area contains obstacles that would make thenOCH normally operationally unacceptable

Question 26

What does sectorisation permit?

Answer 26

It is permissible to eliminate the sector from the total VM(c) where the sector lies outside the final MAPt Areas

Question 27

Both Non precision approaches and and VM(c) have Minimum Decent Altitude/height (MDA/H) not decision height. True or False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

``` Fro VM(c) minimum Obstacle clearance is dependent on aircraft category. True or False? ```

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

For non precision approaches Minimum obstacle clearance is how many metres without a FAF?

Answer 29

90m

Question 30

For non precision approaches Minimum obstacle clearance is how many metres with a FAF?

Answer 30

75m