Instrument Approach/Takeoff Procedures

Question 1

What obstacle clearance does an MSA provide?

Answer 1

1000ft

Question 2

What are CAT A, B and C performance category speeds?

Answer 2

A- speeds up to 90kts
B- speeds 91-120kts
C- speeds 121-140kts

Question 3

How are performance category speeds calculated?

Answer 3

Vat = Vso x 1.3

Question 4

What are the CAT B handling speeds?

Answer 4

Initial and intermediate approach- 120-180 (140 reversals)

Final approach- 85-130

Circling- 135

Missed approach- 150

Question 5

What is PEC and when must it be used?

Answer 5

Pressure error correction.

Must be added to all DA. 50ft unless AOM calculated by operator.

Question 6

What tolerance should be maintained on an ILS/LOC?

Answer 6

Within a half scale deflection.

If at anytime during an approach it indicates a full scale deflection, a missed approach should be commenced.

Question 7

When may an approach be commenced without entering the holding pattern (using radio navaids)?

Answer 7

1. Reversal procedure entry requirements are met.
2. DME arc entry requirements are met.
3. Enroute track to fix is within 30 deg of first track of the procedure.

Question 8

When may an aircraft be descended outbound on a reversal procedure?

Answer 8

After crossing the fix and established on the specified track, or turned to a heading to intercept the specified track.

Question 9

When must a missed approach be executed? (6 items)

Answer 9

So. Not Visual. ROFL

Straight in landing cannot be made from a runway approach, unless a circling approach can be made in weather greater than circling minima

Not visual prior to MAP or DA.

RAIM warning or loss of RAIM after IAF

Outside nav tolerance on final segment

Failure of aid or the performance of the aid becomes suspect below the MSA

Lost visual reference while circling

Question 10

What is the missed approach gradient?

Answer 10

2.5%

Question 11

What is the minimum obstacle clearance provided by a missed approach?

Answer 11

100ft

Question 12

How is a missed approach made from visual circling?

Answer 12

Pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway and overhead the airport, where the aircraft will be established climbing on the missed approach track.

Question 13

On a radio navaid approach that does not specify lateral guidance, how must tracking be achieved?

Answer 13

Pilot will use DR with allowance for wind.

Question 14

If a RAIM warning ceases when the missed approach is selected, may the GPS be used for the missed approach?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

When may aircraft be descended below MDA during visual circling by day?

Answer 15

Visual contact with obstacles and not less than minimum for performance category until aligned with landing runway.

Question 16

When may aircraft be descended below MDA during visual circling by night?

Answer 16

When a normal constant descent can be made to landing, maintaining obstacle clearance for performance category until aligned with runway.

Question 17

Minimum circling obstacle clearance for CAT A and B?

Answer 17

300ft

Question 18

Circling area for CAT B?

Answer 18

2.66NM

Question 19

Is visual circling allowed in ‘no circling’ sectors by day in VMC?

Answer 19

Yes

Jepp terminal, IA/TP 4.16

Question 20

Visual approach by day criteria?

Answer 20

Within 30NM, clear of cloud, in sight of ground or water, 5km via, minimum VFR altitudes.

Question 21

Takeoff minima (not a qualifying multi engine)?

Answer 21

300ft ceiling/2km vis

Conditions:

• terrain clearance must be assured until reaching LSALT or MSA
• if a return to departure is not possible, performance must allow reaching a suitable airport.

Question 22

CAT 1 DA vis minima?

Answer 22

1. 5km- if HIAL not available.
2. 2km- unless flown with autopilot couple or manually flown with FD, failure warning system for primary ah/heading, and high intensity runway edge lighting is available.
3. 8km- if instrumented RVR on threshold zone is not available.

Question 23

When must temperature corrections be used?

Answer 23

Below ISA -15 at landing airport.

Question 24

Requirements for special alternate weather minima?

Answer 24

Dual ILS/VOR approach capability. Requirement for dual markers may be satisfied by one marker and one DME.

Not available when METAR/SPECI are not available, or when airport control service is not provided.

Question 25

Can an RNAV be commenced from other than an initial approach waypoint?

Answer 25

In controlled airspace, an aircraft may be vectored to intercept the initial approach segment, or direct to the intermediate fix.

Question 26

5 requirements for descent below mda during visual circling?

Answer 26

“VMC, Day Obstacle, Night MDA”
Visibility along flight not less than specified for circling.
Maintain visual contact with landing environment.
Circling area (within).
By day not below obstacle clearance.
By night not below MDA until downwind, base or final.

Question 27

When is Special alternate minima not available? (2 items)

Answer 27

• local METAR/SPECI or forecasting services are not available; or
• an airport control service is not provided

Question 28

What are the CAT A handling speeds?

Answer 28

Initial and intermediate approach- 90-150 (110 reversals)

Final approach- 70-100

Circling- 100

Missed approach- 110

Question 29

Where does the final approach segment commence?

Answer 29

The FAF, final approach point (FAP), or where the aircraft is established on the final approach course

Question 30

On reversal procedures for which a FAF is not published, when should final approach speed be obtained?

Answer 30

Prior to descending in the inbound track. (Jepp terminal, instrument approach 2.3)

Question 31

When can you descend below the straight in MDA (and continue below it)? (3 items)

Answer 31

“VMC”

• Visual reference can be maintained.
• Minima requirements adhered to.
• Continuously in a position where a landing can be made with normal rates of descent and manoeuvres.

(Jepp TERMINAL – Instrument Approach/Take-off Procedures 4.15.2)