Instrument Flashcards
is the general term
that researchers use for a
measurement device (survey,
test, questionnaire, etc.).
Instrument
is the course of
action or the process of
developing, testing, and using
the device.
Instrumentation
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Concise
Valid and reliable
Sequential
Easily tabulated
A good research
instrument is _____ in
length yet can elicit the
needed data.
concise
The instrument should
pass the tests of validity
and reliability to get more
appropriate and accurate
information.
Valid and Reliable
denotes the extent to which an instrument is
measuring what it is supposed to measure.
Validity
denotes the extent to which an instrument
produces similar scores across various
conditions and situations, including different
evaluators and testing environments.
Reliability
Questions or items
must be arranged well
for it to be favorable to
both researchers and
respondents.
Sequential
Since you will be constructing an
instrument for quantitative research,
this factor should be considered.
Hence, before crafting the
instruments, the researcher makes
sure that the variable and research
questions are established.
Easily Tabulated
Data Gathering
Techniques for Quantitative
Research
Documentary Analysis
Observation
Physiological Measures
Psychological Tests
Questionnaires
This technique is used to
analyze secondary sources
that are available mostly in
churches, schools, public or
private offices, hospitals or
in community, municipals,
and city halls.
Documentary Analysis
Making direct
_________ is a
simple and
unobtrusive way of
collecting data.
Observation
Technique applied for
_______ measures
involves the collection
of physical data from
the subjects.
Physiological Measures
These includes personality inventories and
projective techniques. Personality inventories
are self-reported measures that assess the
differences in personality traits, needs, or
values of people.
Psychological Tests
Example of Psychological Tests
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
List of questions about a
particular topic, with spaces
provided for the response to
each question and intended
to be answered by a number
of people.
Questionnaires
• yields more honest
responses
• guarantees confidentiality
• minimizes bias based on
question-phrasing modes
Questionnaires
COMMON TYPE OF SCALES IN A QUESTIONNAIRE
Likert Scale
Semantic Differential Scale
It is a common scaling technique which
consists of several declarative statements
that express a vew point on a topic. This
kind of scale is typically used to measure
respondents’ agreement with various
statements.
Likert Scale
The respondents are asked to rate
concepts in a series of bipolar adjectives. It
has an advantage of being flexible and easy
to construct.
Semantic Differential Scale
WORDINGS
- State questions in an
affirmative rather than in a
negative manner. - Avoid ambiguous questions
e.g. those which contains words
like “many”,
“always”, “usually”,
“few”. - Avoid double negative
questions
(e.g Don’t you disagree with the idea that
minors be not allowed to drink liquors?) - Avoid double-barreled
questions (asking two questions
in one question)
Example: Will you be happy joining the
Division Quiz Bee and be given additional
examinations afterwards?
