Instrument 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 instruments that you have no choice to have by flying day VFR?
Altimeter, Magnetic compass, Air speed indicator, Tachometer
What are the 4 instruments that are NOT an obligation to have for day VFR?
Turn coordinator, Vertical speed indicator, Heading indicator, Attitude indicator
What are the 3 instruments that use pitot static system?
Altimeter, Air speed indicator (ASI) , Vertical speed indicator (VSI)
What is the name of the 2 intake that the pitot static system have?
Pitot, Static vent
How does the altimeter work?
By comparing the standard pressure in the aneroid capsule (29.92 hg) and the static pressure outside the aneroid capsule. The static pressure will compress or decompress the Aneroid capsule, depending on the altitude.
Does the altimeter need the Pitot to work properly?
No, the altimeter only use the static pressure from the static port.
What will happen to the altimeter if the static port block?
The altimeter will be frozen at the altitude before the blockage because the static pressure in the static line will stay the same.
How much inches of mercury increase per 1000 feet?
1Hg
How does the aneroid capsule work?
Inside the capsule is the standard pressure altitude (29.92Hg), then we have the static pressure coming from the static port that is at the exterior of the aneroid capsule. The difference between the two will compress or decompress the capsule.
How work the encoding altimeter?
It will provide altimeter information to the transponder so the ATC will be able to know your altitude.
What is the standard pressure region?
It’s a region where the altimeter setting will be 29.92Hg, the Northern hemisphere or above 18 000 feet asl
What is the altimeter setting region?
The altimeter will be set to the local pressure, It will indicate ASL
What is the indicated altitude?
Altitude read on the altimeter when set to current barometric pressure
What is the pressure altitude and how to calculate it?
Altitude shown by the altimeter when set at 29.92Hg
To calculate it, you need to have the altimeter setting and the elevation of the airport, then you do the standard pressure - the altimeter setting at the airport multiplicated by 1000 feet + the airport elevation.
What is density altitude and how to calculate it?
Pressure altitude corrected for non standard temperature
3 step to calculate it, see slide number 1 for details.
What is the name of the pressure entering the pitot
Dynamic pressure
What is the name of the pressure entering the static port?
Static pressure
What is the name of the addition of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure?
Total pressure
How many meter is 1NM
1852 meters
What is 1knot in Km /h
1,852 km/h
How the airspeed indicator (ASI) work?
Mesure the difference between the dynamic pressure (pitot) and the static pressure (static port)
What is the meaning of the red ark on the ASI?
VNE, speed that you never want to exceed.
What is the meaning of the yellow ark on the VSI?
VNO to VNE, caution range
What is the meaning of the white ark on the ASI?
VSO to VFE, flaps extension range
What is the meaning of the green ark on the VSI?
VSI to upper VNO, normal operation with flaps up
Name the definition of those speed: VNE, VNO, VFE, VSI, VSO, VX, VY, VA
Never exceed, Normal operation, maximum speed for flaps extension, stall speed when flaps up, stall speed when flaps down, best angle of climb, best rate of climb, manoeuvring speed
What is the meaning of IAS? What is it?
Indicated air speed, difference between Total pressure and atmospheric pressure
What is the meaning of CAS? What is it?
Calibrated air speed, airspeed corrected for instrument and position error
What is TAS? What is the meaning
True airspeed, calibrated airspeed corrected for air density and temperature. Actual airspeed of the airplane going trough a mass of air, TAS increase with altitude because of less air density; less drag
What is GS? What is the meaning?
Ground speed, actual speed over the ground, you add or substrat the wind, depending if its tail or head wind
Explain what is the ASI error
Density error: The airspeed indicator cannot indicate correctly the TAS unless the calibration density is 1.225 kilos-grammes per cubic meter. So where density is less (higher in the sky), the dynamic pressure produced by TAS will be less than for the same TAS in higher density (lower in the sky)
For every 1000 feet, the TAS is 2% higher than the indicated airspeed
What can be produced by the manufactures of an instruments that is faulty?
A correction card
What is position error?
Incorrect static pressure, can be because the static port or pitot is not well placed on the aircraft, can be cause by a bad test flight for a particular aircraft
What is compressibility error when we are talking about ASI?
Bellow 300 knots it is negligible, the pressure produced in the pitot tube is higher than it would be for an incompressible fluid, because of this, the instrument will over read
What will happen to the ASI if the pitot is blocked?
It will act as an altimeter
What will happen to the ASI if the static port is block?
Act as an anti altimeter
What will happen to the ASI if you have a pitot that is partially blocked?
He will show 0, ASI see no difference between ram air and static air
How does the vertical speed indicator (VSI) work?
It calculates the pressure difference. The pressure inside the diaphragm is static pressure and the pressure outside of it is also static pressure but with a little delay. This delay will cause higher or lower pressure, depending on your rate of climb and descent
What happen to the vertical speed indicator (VSI) if the pitot is blocked
Nothing, VSI does not use de pitot
What will happen to the vertical speed indicator (VSI) if the static port is blocked?
It will show zero (freeze), because (VSI) only use static pressure (it compares static pressure and static pressure but with a delay)
