Instruction & Assessment

Question 1

Activate Prior Knowledge

Answer 1

helping students remember what they already know about the topic

Question 2

Consumers (Economics)

Answer 2

the people purchasing and using the goods

Question 3

Opportunity Cost

Answer 3

The cost of the next best opportunity a person gives up when they make an economic choice

Example: When choosing to study instead of going out with friends, the opportunity cost is missing out on social time.

Question 4

Federalism

Answer 4

The system of shared power between the national government and the state and local governments

Question 5

U.S. Constitution

Answer 5

Document which lays the foundation for the US government and provides a blueprint of democracy for the rest of the world

Question 6

Instructional Interventions

Answer 6

additional focus on a specific skill in an effort to improve it

Example: A class struggles with focus, so the teacher incorporates more movement breaks into the daily lesson plan.

Question 7

Frayer Model

Answer 7

a popular form of semantic mapping which helps students to identify and define unfamiliar concepts and vocabulary

Students place the following information on a chart divided into four sections - the definition of a concept, its essential characteristics, examples and non-examples.

Question 8

Teacher Wait Time

Answer 8

the silence that often comes after a question has been asked but before students have finished considering their answer and/or find the courage to speak up

Question 9

Progressive Era

Answer 9

The rapid economic expansion of the Second Industrial Revolution also led to an increase in the difference between the haves and the have-nots, as well as the growth of oligopolies and monopolies

Question 10

Microeconomics

Answer 10

The study of individuals and their decisions

Question 11

Learning Style

Answer 11

the manner in which a student learns best

Example: Visual Learning

Question 12

Learning Objectives

Answer 12

specific, measurable goals that define what learners are expected to know, understand, or be able to do as a result of instruction, guiding both teaching and assessment

Question 13

Visual Learning

Answer 13

Learning primarily by seeing things

Example: Written examples

Question 14

Secondary Source

Answer 14

these resources are used to interpret the primary sources in order to determine their validity; written about the primary sources

Example: a textbook explaining a battle

Question 15

Backward Design/Planning

Answer 15

lesson planning that begins with the desired outcome in mind

Question 16

primary source

Answer 16

the “first hand” eye-witness accounts of an event

Example: a letter written by George Washington about a battle he fought in

Question 17

Auditory Learning

Answer 17

Learning primarily by hearing things

Example: Lectures

Question 18

Accommodation (on IEP)

Answer 18

conditions listed on a student’s IEP that teachers must meet or a method they must use to help a student succeed in the classroom; the term “accommodation” can also be used broadly to refer to any changes made to how a student is taught or assessed to allow them to best learn or show understanding

Example: a student with ADHD has an accommodation of “flexible seating available” on their IEP; the teacher must allow the student to stand, use a wiggle seat provided by the district, or sit during direct instruction and independent work time as needed

Question 19

market

Answer 19

a space in which goods are exchanged

Question 20

Manifest Destiny

Answer 20

The belief during the nineteenth century that the US was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 21

The new deal

Answer 21

A series of policies, public work projects, and financial reforms passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1936 in an attempt to stimulate the economy

Example: Social Security, unemployment benefis, FDIC

Question 22

Summative Assessments

Answer 22

evaluations at the end of an instructional period

Example: final exams or projects that assess overall learning

Question 23

Inference

Answer 23

a conclusion based on evidence, observation, and reasoning

Question 24

Feedback

Answer 24

information provided to individuals about their performance or behavior, often highlighting strengths, areas for improvement, and suggestions for further development, with the aim of promoting learning, growth, and improvement

Question 25

K-W-L Chart

Answer 25

graphic organizer used throughout a unit that shows what students know (K), want to know (W), and learned (L)

Question 26

Tier 2 words

Answer 26

academic words that students will encounter frequently and that are used in multiple content areas; many of these are process words that commonly appear in assessment

Question 27

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 27

Authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West

Question 28

Macroeconomics

Answer 28

The design and function of the economy as a whole

Question 29

Informal Assessments

Answer 29

more flexible than formal assessments and can be adjusted to fit the situation and particular needs of the student being tested Example: observations during a lesson

Question 30

Tier 3 words

Answer 30

academic words that are specific to a particular content area or discipline; would appear in a subject-specific textbook or in the glossary of an informational text

Question 31

George Washington

Answer 31

the first president of the United States Also served as: a member of the First and Second Continental Congress Commander-in-Chief of the colonial armies during the American Revolution President of the Constitutional Convention

Question 32

Tactile Methods

Answer 32

Lessons using materials for students to touch and handle. Example: Encouraging students to take notes, use study sheets, build dioramas or models

Question 33

Human-Environment Interaction

Answer 33

The ways in which people and places interact with and influence each other. One of the 5 themes of geography. Example: Early civilizations developed near rivers because of the need for a reliable water supply.

Question 34

Market Economy

Answer 34

An economic system where decisions about production, consumption and investment are guided by the price of goods and services, which are determined by the laws of supply and demand. Example: Capitalism

Question 34

Cold War

Answer 34

The period after WWII in which the United States and the Soviet Union never truly engaged in warfare, but was marked by political disagreements between the capitalist and communist countries

Question 35

Containment (Cold War Policy)

Answer 35

The containment policy in the Cold War was a strategy employed by the United States to prevent the spread of communism by containing its expansion, primarily through diplomatic, economic, and military means. Example: The Korean and Vietnam Wars were "proxy wars" fought to contain the influences of communism.

Question 36

Scarcity

Answer 36

In Economics, the fact that there are not enough resources to fulfill all human needs and desires

Question 37

Auditory Methods

Answer 37

Lessons using materials for students to listen to. Example: speeches, music, or direct instruction

Question 38

Intrinsically Motivated

Answer 38

students draw their motivation from the learning process itself

Question 39

The American Revolution of 1776 / The War for Independence

Answer 39

The war for independence between the American colonies and Great Britain.

Question 40

Stages of Development (Erikson)

Answer 40

Learning theory developed by Erik Erikson - people must pass through eight life stages in order to fulfill their own potential. Failure to complete any phase will hinder their ability to continue growth with success. 1. Trust vs. Mistrust: 0 - 1 ½ years 2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt: 1 ½ - 3 years 3. Initiative vs. Guilt: 3 - 5 years 4. Industry vs. inferiority: 5-12 years 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion: 12-18 years 6. Intimacy Vs. Isolation: 18-40 years 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation: 40-65 years 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair: 65+ years

Question 41

Location

Answer 41

The particular position of a place, described as absolute or relative terms. One of the 5 themes of geography. Example: Longitude and latitude coordinates (absolute) or north of the river (relative)

Question 42

French and Indian War 9 The Seven Years War

Answer 42

1756-1763. Conflict between the British and the French, who allied with Native American tribes. Britain's victory gave them all lands east of the Mississippi River and established them as the dominant force in North America.

Question 43

Representative Democracy / Democratic Republic

Answer 43

A system of government in which all eligible citizens vote to elect representatives to act on their behalf Example: The United States

Question 44

Learning Goals

Answer 44

the "big picture" focus of a class or unit within a class Example: The students will understand grammar.

Question 45

Bloom's Taxonomy

Answer 45

a hierarchy of levels of knowledge; each level has associated verbs teachers can use to start questions Example: "identify" is at a lower level than "argue" because it requires a lower level of thinking

Question 46

Bias

Answer 46

prejudiced feelings, outlook, or leanings for or against a particular person, race, ethnicity, age, or group, often without taking others' opinions into consideration. Example: assuming all English language learners are less intelligent than native English speakers

Question 47

World War 1 (WWI)

Answer 47

Fought from 1914-1919 between the Central Powers (mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) and the Allied Powers (mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States).

Question 48

Modifications

Answer 48

changes made to the curriculum or instructional practices to alter the expectations or performance criteria for students, often used to support learners with special needs by providing a more accessible and tailored educational experience

Question 49

Scaffolding

Answer 49

providing support to students to achieve a task Example: guiding students step-by-step in solving a math problem

Question 50

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 50

the process by which cultural traits spread from one group to another

Question 51

Jim Crow laws

Answer 51

Laws written after Reconstruction that enforced segregation in the South. Restricted the civil rights of black citizens, such as voting and educational equalities.

Question 52

Tier 1 words

Answer 52

common words that are already familiar to students when they enter school; do not need to be taught in a classroom setting

Question 53

great Depression

Answer 53

an unprecedented period of worldwide economic downturn that began in Oct. 1929 with the United States stock market crash and ended due to a combination of the New Deal and World War II

Question 54

Declaration of independence

Answer 54

Document adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. Signed by representatives from all 13 colonies. The document outlined the complaints the colonists had about Great Britain and officially declared the US free from British rule.

Question 55

Trade

Answer 55

the exchange of products for money between entities

Question 56

Project-Based Learning (PBL) Activity

Answer 56

Activity in which students create a solution or investigation in response to a problem

Question 57

Factors of Production

Answer 57

The determinants of when and where economic activity can and most likely will occur: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship

Question 57

Industrial Revolution

Answer 57

period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production; began in Great Britain in the mid-1700's

Question 58

Differentiated Instruction

Answer 58

tailoring teaching methods to meet individual needs Example: using varied reading levels for different student groups

Question 59

Formative Assessments

Answer 59

ongoing evaluations to monitor student progress Example: using exit tickets to check understanding of the day's lesson

Question 60

Formal Assessments

Answer 60

a usually post-instruction assessment with the purpose of assessing student knowledge, retention, and application; often involve the use of a standardized rubric or scoring guide based on several criteria Example: chapter tests, semester tests

Question 61

Kinesthetic Learning / Tactile Learning

Answer 61

Learning primarily by touching things or doing an activity Example: create and act out plays or skits

Question 62

Graphic Organizer

Answer 62

a visual display of the relationships between facts and ideas Example: Graphic organizers, such as story maps, timelines, venn diagrams and K-W-L charts, help students organize information.

Question 63

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 63

nonviolent social movement in the 1960s that promoted the outlawing of racial discrimination against African Americans; notably led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 64

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 64

theory that attempts to explain the sequence of children's intellectual development by separating childhood into four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations Example: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development supports the idea that cognitive development occurs in a predictable sequence.

Question 65

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 65

the unprecedented increase in economic productivity during the late 1800s. Included large leaps forward in technology with expansion of use of electricity, petroleum, and steel.

Question 66

World War 2 (WWII)

Answer 66

Fought from 1939-1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union).

Question 67

Visual Thinking Strategy (VTS)

Answer 67

Instructional techniques that encourage students to analyze and interpret visual materials, such as images, artworks, photographs, or maps to develop critical thinking skills

Question 68

Preamble

Answer 68

an introductory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy Example: The Preamble states that the Constitution exists “to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, [and] promote the general Welfare.”

Question 68

Bill of Rights

Answer 68

The first ten amendments to the Constitution which protected legal rights and civil rights of individuals. Created in 1791.

Question 69

Extrinsic / External Motivation

Answer 69

the motive for the activity comes from outside the individual

Question 70

Human Migration

Answer 70

the movement of people from one location to another

Question 71

Exit Slips

Answer 71

short formative assessment given by a teacher after completing a lesson to determine the degree to which students have learned the material taught in the lesson

Question 72

Assimilation

Answer 72

a process in which existing schemas are applied to new objects or situations

Question 73

Visual Methods

Answer 73

Lessons using materials for students to view. Example: maps, images, political cartoons, multimedia presentations and graphs

Question 74

Timeline

Answer 74

visual representation of events or actions in animation or video Example: arranging keyframes on a timeline to animate a bouncing ball