Institutional Aggression Flashcards
What did Harer and Steffenmeir do to support the importation model?
Collected data from 58 US prisons and found that black inmates had higher rates of violent behaviour but lower rates of alcohol related and drug related misconduct than white inmates. These patterns parallel racial differences in these behaviours in US society and so support the importation model
What did Irwin and Cressey claim?
Importation model- prisoners bring their own social histories and traits with them into prison which influences their adaptation to the prison environment. Prisoners are not blank slates when they enter prison, and many of the normative systems developed on the outside are imported into the prison
What did Huff find about gang membership?
Gang members in the US were 10 times more likely to commit a murder and 3 times more likely to assault someone than were non gang members of a similar age and background
What did DeLisi find that contradicts the claim that pre-prison gang membership predicts violence whilst in prison?
Inmates with prior street gang involvement were no more likely than other inmates to engage in prison violence. However this lack of correlation between the two may be explained by the face that violent gang members tend to be isolated from the general inmate population, therefore restricting their opportunities for violence
What did Paterline and Pererson suggest?
Deprivation model- Prisoner or patient aggression is the product of stressful conditions of the institutions itself, including crowding and staff experience
How does Hodgekinson support the deprivation model?
Trainee nurses suffer more violent assaults than experiences nurses
How does Nijman contradict the deprivation model?
Increased personal space failed to decrease violent incidents among patients in psychiatric institutions
What did Sykes add to the deprivation model?
Described specific deprivations that inmates experience within prison and which might be linked to an increase in violence. These include loss of liberty, loss of autonomy and loss of security. Sykes found that potential threat to personal security increased anxiety levels in inmates, even if the majority of prisoners posed no threat to them. Inmates may cope with the pains of imprisonment in several ways. Some withdraw through seclusion in their cell, whereas others choose to rebel in the form of violence against other inmates and staff
What are Staub’s 5 processes of genocide?
- Difficult social conditions leading to..
- Scapegoating of a less powerful group leading to..
- Negative evaluation and dehumanisation of target group, leading to..
- Moral values and rules becoming inapplicable, and killing begins
- Passivity of bystanders enhances the process
What did Milgrim say caused institutional aggression between groups?
Obedience to authority- he believed the holocaust was primarily the result of situation pressure that forced nazi soldiers to obey their leaders regardless of any personal mor repugnance. If so many people could administer painful electric shocks to a victim simply because they were told to do so by someone in authority, the Nazi regime would have no trouble making soldiers kill innocent unarmed people
Why did Mandela contradict Milgrim’s theory?
Milgrim’s account ignores other causes and doesn’t match the historic record
What does Goldhagan propose instead of Milgrim’s obedience to authority theory for the holocaust?
The main cause was the form of anti-semitism so deeply enriched in the German people at the time that they conducted the elimination of millions of innocent Jews
