Inside the Cell

Question 1

visible light passing through a specimen through glass lens = magnified image

Answer 1

light microscope

Question 2

Quality of image depend on

Answer 2

magnification resolution contrast

Question 3

ratio of an objects image size to its real size

Answer 3

magnification

Question 4

measure of the clarity of the image or the minimum distance between two points

Answer 4

resolution

Question 5

visible differences in parts of the sample

Answer 5

contrast

Question 6

focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen: 3d image

Answer 6

Scanning electron microscope

Question 7

focus a beam of electron through a specimen : internal

Answer 7

Transmission electron microscope

Question 8

breaking cells and separating major organelles

Answer 8

cell fractionation

Question 9

What help corrlolate cell function and structure

Answer 9

biochemistry and cytology

Question 10

Basic features of all cells

Answer 10

1. plasma membrane
2. semifluid substance (cytosol)
   3.chromosomes
3. Ribosomes

Question 11

location of dna of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea

Answer 11

in nucleoid not membrane bound, plasmids common

Question 12

location of dna in eukaryotes

Answer 12

inside nuclues membrane bound, plasmids rare

Question 13

internal membranes of bacteria and archaea

Answer 13

extensive internal membranes only in photosynthetic species, limit in organelles

Question 14

internal membranes and organelles in eukaryotes

Answer 14

large number of organelles and many types

Question 15

cytoskeleton of bacteria and archaea

Answer 15

limited in extent

Question 16

cytoskeleton in eukaryotes

Answer 16

extensive throughout volume of cell

Question 17

overall size of bacteria and archaea

Answer 17

smaller than eukaryotes

Question 18

overall size of eukaryotes

Answer 18

bigger than prokaryotes

Question 19

inside the nucleus is the

Answer 19

chromatin and nucleolus

Question 20

has dna and proteins, and is what composes chromosomes

Answer 20

chromatin

Question 21

ribosomal rna (rrna) synthesis & has no membrane

Answer 21

nucelolus

Question 22

function as doors into and out of the nucleus

Answer 22

nuclear pores

Question 23

what moves in and out of pores

Answer 23

NOT DNA !!
OUT : mRNA and ribosome parts
IN : many proteins and building blocks

Question 24

particles made of rRna and proteins , have no membrane , protein synthesis

Answer 24

ribosomes

Question 25

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Answer 25

endomembrane system

Question 26

endomembrane system

Answer 26

nuclear envelope ER Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Plasma Membrane

Question 27

Components of endomembrane system are continuos or connected through transfer of membrane and materials

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Tubes and flattened sacs that direct protein traffic , metabolize and detoxify , lumen

Answer 28

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

proteins bound for the endomembrane system have an amino acid signal sequence. Ribosome fro. cytosol TO er

Answer 29

signal hypothesis

Question 30

ER to Golgi

Answer 30

The secretory pathway

Question 31

secretion of cell products

Answer 31

exocytosis

Question 32

processing and sorting via tags , sends proteins in their vesicles to the right places

Answer 32

golgi

Question 33

membranous sac of acid hydrolase enzymes that can digest macromolecules, digestion and waste processing enzymes from golgi vesiscles

Answer 33

lysosome

Question 34

damaged organelle surrounded by membrane gets delivered to lysosome, and the small molecule is recyled into cytosol

Answer 34

autophagy

Question 35

detection of particle/small cell by plasma membrane formates phagosome ( folding of plasma membrane for it to enter), delivery to lysosome for digestion, molecule recycled

Answer 35

phagocytosis

Question 36

plants dont have lysosomes but rather

Answer 36

vacuoles

Question 37

freshwater protists have these vacuoles, and they pump out excess water from cells

Answer 37

contractile vacuoles

Question 38

80% of mature plant cells have these vacuoles, act as storage for organic compounds and water

Answer 38

central vacuole

Question 39

Mitochondrion

Answer 39

1. where cellular respiration happens and makes atp 2. has its own dna 3. has its own ribosomes 4. has outer and inner membranes, matrix, cristae

Question 40

Chroloplasts

Answer 40

1.Contain chlorophyll 2. Has stroma 3. thylakoids 4.granum 5. outer and inner membranes 6. site of photosynthesis in plants and algaea

Question 41

Interstitial fluid of chloroplasts , and enzymes to produce sugars

Answer 41

stroma

Question 42

Peroxisome

Answer 42

1. They are oxidative organelles (taking place in the presence of oxegyn) 2.h202 contained and detoxified 2. liver cell peroxisomes contain enzymes that oxidize EtOH in alcoholic beverages ( alcohol dehydogenasases) 3. peroxisome membrane 4.enzyme core is the dark spot 5. peroxisome lumen is space around it

Question 43

network of protein fibers throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 43

cytoskeleton

Question 44

Actin filaments

Answer 44

1. smallest cytoskeletal element 2. polymerized of individual actin molecule 3.grouped together into long strands or dense networks 4.usually found just inside the plasma membrane 5.help define cell shape

Question 45

actin filaments 2

Answer 45

1. maintain cell shape by resisting tension pull 2.move cells by muscle contractions or cell crawling 3. divide animal cells inn2 4. move organelles and cytoplasm in plants, fungi, and animals

Question 46

intermediate filaments

Answer 46

structural support for cell (no movement. defined by size not composition (made of diff proteins) ex: keratin nuclear lamins anchor nucleus and some other organelles

Question 47

microtubules

Answer 47

thickest cytosketelton has two polypeptides : a tublin - and b tublin+= tubulin dimer originate from microtubule organizing center (mtoc) b tublulin grow outward, radiation throughouth the cell

Question 48

act as rail road tracks in the cytoplasm

Answer 48

microtubules

Question 49

motor protein that converts chemical energy in ATp into mechanical work

Answer 49

kinesin

Question 50

microtubules control beating of cilia and flagella

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

Locomoter appendages of some cells, sometimes 1-4 long flagellla vs many cilia

Answer 51

cilia and flagell

Question 52

Axoneme

Answer 52

9+2 arrangement 9 pairs of micotubles around two central ones

Question 53

Extracellular fluid

Answer 53

structural /biochemicalsupport. cell adhesion , movement, regulation

Question 54

animal cells lack walls , so theyre covered in ellaborate extracellular matrix (ecm)

Answer 54

Extracellular matrix

Question 55

ecym is made up of glycoproteins , aka collagen , protegylcans and fibronectin

Answer 55

EXTRACELLULAR FLIUD

Question 56

Ecm prtoeins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membranes

Answer 56

integrins