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Biology 1 > Inside the Cell > Flashcards

Inside the Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

visible light passing through a specimen through glass lens = magnified image

A

light microscope

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2
Q

Quality of image depend on

A

magnification resolution contrast

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3
Q

ratio of an objects image size to its real size

A

magnification

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4
Q

measure of the clarity of the image or the minimum distance between two points

A

resolution

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5
Q

visible differences in parts of the sample

A

contrast

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6
Q

focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen: 3d image

A

Scanning electron microscope

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7
Q

focus a beam of electron through a specimen : internal

A

Transmission electron microscope

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8
Q

breaking cells and separating major organelles

A

cell fractionation

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9
Q

What help corrlolate cell function and structure

A

biochemistry and cytology

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10
Q

Basic features of all cells

A
  1. plasma membrane
  2. semifluid substance (cytosol)
    3.chromosomes
  3. Ribosomes
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11
Q

location of dna of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea

A

in nucleoid not membrane bound, plasmids common

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12
Q

location of dna in eukaryotes

A

inside nuclues membrane bound, plasmids rare

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13
Q

internal membranes of bacteria and archaea

A

extensive internal membranes only in photosynthetic species, limit in organelles

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14
Q

internal membranes and organelles in eukaryotes

A

large number of organelles and many types

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15
Q

cytoskeleton of bacteria and archaea

A

limited in extent

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16
Q

cytoskeleton in eukaryotes

A

extensive throughout volume of cell

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17
Q

overall size of bacteria and archaea

A

smaller than eukaryotes

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18
Q

overall size of eukaryotes

A

bigger than prokaryotes

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19
Q

inside the nucleus is the

A

chromatin and nucleolus

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20
Q

has dna and proteins, and is what composes chromosomes

A

chromatin

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21
Q

ribosomal rna (rrna) synthesis & has no membrane

A

nucelolus

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22
Q

function as doors into and out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

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23
Q

what moves in and out of pores

A

NOT DNA !!
OUT : mRNA and ribosome parts
IN : many proteins and building blocks

24
Q

particles made of rRna and proteins , have no membrane , protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

25
Q

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

A

endomembrane system

26
Q

endomembrane system

A

nuclear envelope
ER
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma Membrane

27
Q

Components of endomembrane system are continuos or connected through transfer of membrane and materials

A

true

28
Q

Tubes and flattened sacs that direct protein traffic , metabolize and detoxify , lumen

A

endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

proteins bound for the endomembrane system have an amino acid signal sequence. Ribosome fro. cytosol TO er

A

signal hypothesis

30
Q

ER to Golgi

A

The secretory pathway

31
Q

secretion of cell products

A

exocytosis

32
Q

processing and sorting via tags , sends proteins in their vesicles to the right places

A

golgi

33
Q

membranous sac of acid hydrolase enzymes that can digest macromolecules, digestion and waste processing enzymes from golgi vesiscles

A

lysosome

34
Q

damaged organelle surrounded by membrane gets delivered to lysosome, and the small molecule is recyled into cytosol

A

autophagy

35
Q

detection of particle/small cell by plasma membrane formates phagosome ( folding of plasma membrane for it to enter), delivery to lysosome for digestion, molecule recycled

A

phagocytosis

36
Q

plants dont have lysosomes but rather

A

vacuoles

37
Q

freshwater protists have these vacuoles, and they pump out excess water from cells

A

contractile vacuoles

38
Q

80% of mature plant cells have these vacuoles, act as storage for organic compounds and water

A

central vacuole

39
Q

Mitochondrion

A
  1. where cellular respiration happens and makes atp
  2. has its own dna
  3. has its own ribosomes
  4. has outer and inner membranes, matrix, cristae
40
Q

Chroloplasts

A

1.Contain chlorophyll
2. Has stroma
3. thylakoids
4.granum
5. outer and inner membranes
6. site of photosynthesis in plants and algaea

41
Q

Interstitial fluid of chloroplasts , and enzymes to produce sugars

A

stroma

42
Q

Peroxisome

A
  1. They are oxidative organelles (taking place in the presence of oxegyn)
    2.h202 contained and detoxified
  2. liver cell peroxisomes contain enzymes that oxidize EtOH in alcoholic beverages ( alcohol dehydogenasases)
  3. peroxisome membrane
    4.enzyme core is the dark spot
  4. peroxisome lumen is space around it
43
Q

network of protein fibers throughout the cytoplasm

A

cytoskeleton

44
Q

Actin filaments

A
  1. smallest cytoskeletal element
  2. polymerized of individual actin molecule
    3.grouped together into long strands or dense networks
    4.usually found just inside the plasma membrane
    5.help define cell shape
45
Q

actin filaments 2

A
  1. maintain cell shape by resisting tension pull
    2.move cells by muscle contractions or cell crawling
  2. divide animal cells inn2
  3. move organelles and cytoplasm in plants, fungi, and animals
46
Q

intermediate filaments

A

structural support for cell (no movement.
defined by size not composition (made of diff proteins)
ex: keratin nuclear lamins
anchor nucleus and some other organelles

47
Q

microtubules

A

thickest cytosketelton
has two polypeptides : a tublin - and b tublin+= tubulin dimer
originate from microtubule organizing center (mtoc)
b tublulin grow outward, radiation throughouth the cell

48
Q

act as rail road tracks in the cytoplasm

A

microtubules

49
Q

motor protein that converts chemical energy in ATp into mechanical work

A

kinesin

50
Q

microtubules control beating of cilia and flagella

A

TRUE

51
Q

Locomoter appendages of some cells, sometimes 1-4 long flagellla vs many cilia

A

cilia and flagell

52
Q

Axoneme

A

9+2 arrangement 9 pairs of micotubles around two central ones

53
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

structural /biochemicalsupport. cell adhesion , movement, regulation

54
Q

animal cells lack walls , so theyre covered in ellaborate extracellular matrix (ecm)

A

Extracellular matrix

55
Q

ecym is made up of glycoproteins , aka collagen , protegylcans and fibronectin

A

EXTRACELLULAR FLIUD

56
Q

Ecm prtoeins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membranes

A

integrins

Biology 1 (2 decks)

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