Inside the atom Flashcards
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
What is the link between protons and electrons?
They are the same number
(Same amount of both in an element)
What is a quark?
A particle that makes up of protons and neutrons
What are the 6 types of quarks?
Up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom
Half-life
The time taken for something to half its quantity
What is a half life of a radio isotope?
The time taken for a radio isotope to decay by half
What does a Geiger counter detect?
Radiation
The 3 subatomic particles and their charge
Proton - positive charge
Electron - negative charge
Neutron - no charge
What is an isotope?
A form of an element that contains the same amount of protons, but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
What is the difference between a nuclear and a chemical reaction?
Nuclear reactions involve a change in the atom’s nucleus, whereas and chemical reaction involve only a rearrangement of electrons
What is the difference between fission and fusion?
Fission is the process of of an atom splitting into 2 or more smaller one, while fusion is the process of 2 or more smaller atoms fussing to make a bigger one.
What are the 3 types of radiation?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
What can stop Alpha radiation?
A few sheets of paper
What can stop Beta radiation?
A few millimeters of aluminum
What can stop Gamma radiation?
Several feet of concrete or a few inches of lead
2 facts about Alpha radiation?
They have a positive charge and can only travel a few cm in the air
2 facts about Beta radiation?
Can cause skin burns and is harmful if radiation enters the body
2 facts about Gamma radiation?
Has the smallest wavelength and the most energy
The law of conservation of mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed
The mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.
Einstein’s famous formula
E = mc2
E for energy
M for mass
C for speed of light
What does a radioactive atom look like?
Emmiting particles and energy
Where does the independent variable go on a graph?
On the X - axis
What is a radioactive atom?
An unstable atom that seeks to get more stable
What happens when an unstable nucleus breaks down?
It emits radiation and a new atom and element is formed. This is called radioactive decay
What does Hydrogen look like and how is it used?
Colourless, odourless non-metal
Used in fuel cells to generate electricity, power and heat
What does Helium look like and how is it used?
Colourless, odourless gas
Used in balloons
What does Lithium look like and how is it used?
Soft, silvery-white metal
In rechargeable batteries for mobile phones
What is the structure of electron shells
2, 8, 8, 32
What are the subatomic particles of beryllium?
4 electrons, 4 protons and 5 neutrons
What is the electron configuration of aluminium?
2, 8, 3
What is the electron configuration of potassium?
2, 8, 8, 1
Draw what H20 looks like bonded at atomic level using electron configuration. What type of bonding is this?
https://mammothmemory.net/chemistry/chemical-bonding/chemical-bonding-an-introduction/chemical-bonding-an-introduction.html
Covalent bonding
