Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitology > Insects > Flashcards

Insects Flashcards

1
Q

Describe arthropods.

A

*jointed limbs, segmented body, exoskeleton
Insects:
-flies (diptera)
-fleas (siphonaptera)
-lice (phthiraptera)
-bed bugs (Hemiptera)
Arachnids - Acari
-ticks
-mites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe insects.

A

-adults: 3 pairs of legs
-head thorax, abdomen
-antenna
-life cycle: ELPA (egg - larva - pupa - adult)
-biological/mechanical transmission of organisms
-annoyance
-fly strike (myiasis)
>infection of fly larvae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Diptera.

A

-adults:
>irritate animal
>feed on blood
>transmit disease
-larvae/instars:
>migrate in animal
>feed on animal
EX:
-stomoxys calcitrans ‘stable fly’
-hypoderma spp on bovine backs
-cuterebra in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Siphonaptera.

A

-ELPA life cycle
-ex: Ctenocephalides eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Phthiraptera.

A

-host specific
>preferred host
>site of infestation
-life cycle: ENNNA
-anoplura
>sucking lice - suck blood = cause anemia
>move slow
>head narrow than thorax
-ischnocera (mallophaga)
>chewing lice = feed on skin - pruritus - 2ndary infections
>move fast
>head wider than thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Hemiptera.

A

ENNNNNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Musca domestica.

A

‘House fly’
-host: domestic animals & humans
-ID:
>adults 5.5-7.5mm
>sticky hairs on pads of leg s
>mouthparts fleshy & adapted to sponging
-PPP: 7-10d
-life cycle: typical muscid
>eggs laid in decaying organic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe Musca autumnalis.

A

‘Face fly’
-ID: similar to house fly
-life cycle: typical muscid
>eggs in feces or rotting organic material
-SOI: animal secretions & wounds
-pathogenesis:
>annoyance (feed on face secretion)
>mechanical vector of virus, bacteria, helminths, Protozoa
>biological vector of Habronema & Draschia megastoma “summer sore”
-CS:
>annoyance = interfere w grazing & drop in performance
>eye disorders or conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe Stomoxys calcitrans.

A

‘Stable fly, biting house fly’
-host: animals & humans
-ID:
>5.5-7.5mm
>rigid mouthpart, conspicuous & forward
-life cycle:
>feed on blood
>require 3 min to finish blood meal
>females lay egg on decaying matter (ex. Damp hay)
-SOI: general
-pathogenesis: attack animals, transmit disease
-CS: increased head & ear movement, skin twitch, tail swish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Musca spp & Stomoxys calcitrans.

A

-diagnosis via fly ID
-treatment:
>screen
>sanitation (reduce breeding sites)
>dont treat compost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Haematobia irritans.

A

‘Horn fly’
-host: cattle
-ID:
>4mm
>small bloodsucking muscid
>distinguish from stable fly bc 1/2 size & shorter proboscis
-life cycle:
>on host except when female lay egg in fresh feces
>overwinter (diapause, pupa)
-SOI:
>back
>abdomen
>around horns
-CS:
>feed in thousands
>irritation
>impair milk production & weight gain
>transmit helminths
>200+ flies economic loss
-treatment/prevention:
>insecticide on host
>insecticide resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SUMMARY!

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Culicoides spp.

A

‘Biting midges, no-see-ums’
only females take blood meals
-host: domestic animals & humans
-ID:
>1.5-5 mm
>mottled wing, short proboscis, antenna long
-SOI: general
-pathogenesis:
>annoyance
>transmit protozoa, helminths (onchocerca), virus
-CS:
>pain
>allergic reaction in horses
-treatment/prevention:
>decrease standing water
>avoid marshy pasture
>treat horse w repellents, insecticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Tabanus spp.

A

‘Horse fly’
-hosts: lg animals, sm mammals, birds
-ID:
>10-25mm
>mouthparts slashing & sponging
CS:
-painful bites
-mechanical vectors
-annoyance
Treatment/prevention:
-cant control breeding sites bc diffuse & difficult to detect
-control in housing & on animals via repellents/insecticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Chrysops spp.

A

‘Deer fly’
-ID:
>dark band across wings
>elongated antennae
>bite horses in shade (horse stand in sun to avoid)
all other aspects like Tabanus spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Melophagus ovinus.

A

-host: sheep
-ID:
>dorsoventral flat, hairy, wingless Dipteran
>blood sucking mouthpart
-SOI: wool
-life cycle:
>female make one egg that hatches in her body
>3rd in star adheres to fleece & immobile instars pupate (3-4mm)
>adults emerge in 3wk in summer, longer in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe Culicidae.

A

‘Mosquito’
-ID:
>pair of wings
>long thin legs
>long proboscis
>long antennae
-CS: transmit disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SUMMARY!

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe myiasis.

A

-infestation of living animals w larvae of dipteran flies
>obligatory = cant survive without host (oestrids)
>facultative = optional
-cutaneous myiasis = fly strike
>maggots cause fly strike (calliphoridae or sarcophagidae)
—calliphoridae = blow flies, new & old worm screwworm
—sarcophagidae = flesh flies

20
Q

Describe the adults VS larvae in family Oestridae.

A

Adults:
-lg hairy flies
-nonfunctional mouthpart
-short lived
Larvae:
-obligatory parasites
-host specific
cuterebra, hypoderma, oestrus

21
Q

Describe Cuterebra spp.

A

‘Rodent/rabbit bot fly, New World skin bot flies’
-host: rodents, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, dogs, cats
zoonotic
-ID:
>3rd instar & season (spring/summer)
>adults = 20-30 mm vestigial mouthpart
>3rd instar = dark brown w black spines
-SOI:
>SQ tissue
>nasal/oral to brain
-CS:
-fibrotic cyst from instar in SQ tissue
>instar in brain of cat = infarction
>lump in neck
>wet fur
>hole drips fluid
>type 1 hypersensitivity
>wound heals slow
-Treatment/prevent:
-instar removed whole
-remedies not approved

22
Q

Describe Hypoderma spp.

A

Adults = ‘Warble fly, heel fly, ox warble’
Larvae = ‘Cattle grub’
-host: cattle
-ID: typical oestrid
-life cycle:
>H. Lineatum = eggs laid in lines of 6+ on lower limb
—adults active in early summer
>H. Bovis = eggs laid singly
—adults active in late summer
-overwinter as 1st instar: dont treat at this stage
>H. Lineatum = in esophagus
>H. Bovis = in epidural fat of spinal cord
-SOI: 3rd instar in warbles (lumps) on back of cattle in spring
-CS:
>3rd instar under skin causes damage & downgrade carcass = economic loss
>H. Lineatum death = bloat, faulty regurgitation
>H. Bovis toxin = paraplegia
-treatment/prevention:
>MCLs kill early stage
>treat during late summer/early fall (before winter - not during!)

23
Q

Describe Oestrus ovis.

A

‘Sheep nasal bot, warble fly of sheep’
-host: sheep, goat, llama, humans
zoonotic (dont mature to 3rd instar in humans)
-ID:
>adults = 1 cm
>nasal bots = 3cm long, yellow/white
-life cycle:
>female deposits 1st instars into nostrils of sheep during flight
>overwinter stage (2wk-9mo)
>in frontal sinus develop to 2nd & 3rd instars
>reach 3rd instar (3wk/mo) before being sneezed out to pupate (4-7wk)
>adults emerge & females survive for 2 wk - deposit 500 instars
-CS:
>animals expend energy & lose weight to avoid attack
>developing bots feed on mucus & cause irritation via hook & spines
>bacterial infection
>aberrant migration thru soft palate = brain cavity
>humans infected in eye/lip
>snotty nose
-treatment/prevention:
>MCLs at late summer/early fall & again midwinter

24
Q

Describe Gasterophilus spp.

A

‘Bot fly larvae’
-host: horse
-life cycle:
>egg hatch to 1st instar
>in oral cavity 1st to 2nd instar
>swallowed & develop into 3rd instar & live up to 12mo
>pass in feces in spring, pupate
>3-9 wk adult
-CS:
>annoyance
>attached instars = inflammatory resp
-treatment/prevention:
>manual removal of eggs
>endoparasiticides for instar stages

25
Describe G. Intestinalis VS G. Nasalis.
*differentiation via color, location, & spines* (Seen during gastroscopy) —G. Intestinalis = >hatch when licked & attach to tongue/lip >eggs on foreleg & shoulder >3rd instar in nonglandular part of stomach & cardiac region >red >two rows of spine —G. Nasalis = hatch spontaneous & crawls into mouth >eggs on inter mandibular space >3rd instar around pylorus & duodenum >yellow >one row of spine
26
Describe Cochliomyia hominivorax.
'Screwworm' -host: livestock, wildlife -ID: 10mm, bluish green, 3 stripes on thorax, orange/brown eyes -life cycle: larvae feed on living tissue *adult females mate once only* -SOI: egg on fresh, uninfected wounds -CS: >fresh wound attract female >foul smelling lesion >death of host -diagnosis: >recog maggots in lesions >report to vet authorities >place dipteran larvae in alcohol -treatment: >treat wounds & release sterile males ***outbreak of deer in FL 2016***
27
Describe Sarcophagidae.
'Flesh flies' -host: any animal -ID: adults 2x the size of houseflies -life cycle: >female lay 1st instars in sore sounds, necrotic tissue, wool soiled w feces or urine >develop to 3rd instars & leave host to pupate >pupae-overwintering stage -SOI: skin, wool -diagnosis: fly ID -treatment: >prevent situations that attract flies like = sanitation, improved husbandry, tail docking & treat wound immediately
28
Describe the suborder Ischnocera. (Mallophaga)
-biting, chewing lice -head>thorax -feed on skin, hair, feathers & other organic material -3mm, yellow -rapid movement to move over skin & covering
29
Describe Trichodectes canis.
'Dog biting louse' -host: dog -ID: yellow, biting mouth, active, 2mm -life cycle: require host to complete life cycle *entire life on host* -SOI: hair, skin -pathogenesis: vector of D. caninum >heavy infestations in neglected & underfed (affects young) -CS: pruritus, scratch, loss of hair, restless -diagnosis: ID of louse -prevention: avoid direct contact w brushes, combs, blankets -treatment: MCL
30
Describe Felicola subrostratus.
'Cat biting louse' -host: cat -ID: yellow, transverse brown bands, triangular anterior portion of head, small legs, 1mm -predilection site: skin, face, pinnae back -pathogenesis: elder or chronically ill animals, longhaired breeds -diagnosis: louse ID
31
Describe Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis.
'Cattle biting louse' -host: cattle -ID: typical ischnoceran, red/brown -SOI: head, poll, neck, shoulders, rump, tail switch -life cycle: winter favors proliferation (thick coat, cattle housed, parthenogenesis) >summer louse numbers are low (thin pelage limits sheltered habitat, skin surface temp high, sunlight lethal) -CS: >chronic dermatitis >lg #s = irritation & pruritus >malnutrition or chronic disease -diagnosis: ID of louse -treatment: ectoparasites & MCLs
32
Describe Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis.
'Biting louse of sheep' -host: sheep -ID: typical ischnoceran louse -life cycle: typical louse -SOI: wool -CS: >most pathogenic of all sheep lice >highly active >lose body condition >damage fleece >attractant for blow flies -diagnosis: louse ID -treatment: several remedies
33
Describe Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae.
'Red louse' -hosts: goats *similar Bovicola ovis*
34
Describe Ischnocera (Avian lice).
'Biting lice' -host: domestic & wild fowl -ID: 40 species, typical Ischnoceran -SOI: wing louse, etc -life cycle: entire life on host -CS: >lice digest keratin, bite feathers >effects of pediculosis similar among host species >sleeplessness, inappetence, scratching, feather plucking >secondary effects more serious than the immediate -diagnosis: ID of louse
35
Describe the suborder Anoplura.
-blood sucking lice (more pathogenic) -pointed nose (head smaller than thorax) -3-5mm -dark blue -slow moving -clasp hair shaft -lice of mammals
36
Describe linognathus setosus.
‘Dog sucking louse’ -host: dog -ID: 3-5mm, head sm than thorax, sucking mouth -LC: similar to Trichodectes canis *entire life on host (ENNNA) -SOI: skin -CS: >heavy infestation = anemia >loss of body condition & damage to skin -diagnosis: louse ID -treatment: MCL -prevention: avoid brush, comb, blanket
37
Describe Linognathus vituli.
‘Long nosed cattle louse’ -host: cattle -LC: gregarious & forms dense isolated clusters -SOI: dewlap, head, neck -ID: anopluran, size, location -CS: >heavy infestation = pruritus, anemia, weakness >malnutrition or chronic disease -treatment: MCL, ectoparasiticide
38
Describe linognathus pedalis & linognathus ovillus.
-host: sheep -ID: 5mm, slow moving, blood sucking mouth, tan/blue/black -SOI: >L. Pedalis = lower region of hind limbs, scrotum, belly >L. Ovillus = face, ears, cheeks, neck, body of heavy wool breeds -CS: anemia -diagnosis: louse ID -treatment: several remedies
39
Describe Solenopotes capillatus.
‘Little blue cattle louse’ -host: cattle -predilection site: neck, head, shoulders, dewlap, back & tail -ID: blue, 1mm, smallest Anopluran louse on cattle -diagnosis: louse ID
40
Describe Haematopinus eurysternus.
‘Short nosed cattle louse’ -host: cattle -ID: anopluran, largest louse genus of domestic mammals -LC: gregarious -SOI: head, ear, eye, nostril -CS: anemia, weight loss -diagnosis: ID louse -treatment: MCL, ectoparasiticides
41
Describe haematopinus suis.
‘Sucking louse of swine’ -host: pig -ID: largest louse 5mm (typical anopluran) -SOI: skin folds of neck & jowl, flanks, inside of legs -CS: >heavy infestation = restlessness -> drop in production >anemia rare >skin damage from scratching -> low hide value -diagnosis: ID louse -treatment: MCL
42
Describe Ctenocephalides felis.
-host: dog & cat -ID: >egg = 0.5mm oval, white >larvae = 5mm wormlike >pupa = 5mm color variation >adult = 3mm dark brown, wingless, on host *preemerged adults can remain in cocoon for 30wk* -SOI: skin, back, abdomen, inner thigh -CS: flea bite allergy or flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) *vectors* -diagnosis: fleas, flea feces, blood on host/bed -treatment: break life cycle (insecticides/vacuum [doesnt treat all stages] for environment & revolution for animal) -prevention: >cut lawn & rake >fogger, dust powders, sprays
43
Describe Ctenocephalides canis.
‘Dog flea’ -host: dog, cat, rabbit, rat, fox, human *zoonotic* SIMILAR TO C FELIS
44
Describe Echidnophaga spp.
‘Sticktight flea’ -host: domestic & wild fowl -ID: adult flea 1mm brown w distinctive blunt head -SOI: head, comb, wattles, eyes -CS: irritation, blood loss, anemia -diagnosis: ID flea
45
Describe Triatomine bugs.
‘Kissing/assassin/vampire bugs’ -vector of Trypanosoma cruzi = causative agent of Chagas’ disease -parasite in feces of bug & released when bug is eating blood meal -parasites (trypomastigotes) enter host thru bite or mucus membrane
46
Describe Cimex spp.
‘Bed bud’ -host: nesting birds, bats, humans *zoonotic* -ID: beak like mouth, piercing & bloodsucking -LC: *Eggs -> Nymph x5 -> adults* >hide in crevice at day & feed on host at night >survive 5 mo without blood meal -SOI: skin -CS: bloodsuck, allergic reaction to bite, infestation lead to blood loss -diagnosis: ID of bug

Parasitology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions