Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Insects > Insect1 > Flashcards

Insect1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many named species of insects are there?

A

925,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 key characteristics that distinguish insects from other arthropods

A

Six legs, three body segments, wings, exoskeleton made from chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three body segments of all insects?

A

Head, thorax, abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 reasons why there are so many insects

A

Design of exoskeleton with repetitive segments, wings power flight, association with plants, sociality, holometabolous metamorphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 types of biodiversity of insects

A

Genetic, taxonomic, habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biodiversity metric that is the total number of tax

A

Richness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 assumptions made when dealing with richness

A

Taxon identity does not matter, number of individuals per taxon does not matter, all individuals within a species are equal, when comparing locations, similar numbers of individuals collected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type of richness that is number of taxa within a local area (local richness)

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type of richness that is variation in alpha richness among sites (species turnover)

A

Beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of richness that is number of taxa across all sites in region (regional richness)

A

Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Hurlbert’s PIE measure?

A

Probability that 2 randomly sampled individuals represent different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the Paleozoic period?

A

414-247 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When was the Devonian epoch?

A

414-358 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 characteristics of Devonian epoch

A

Arborescence evolved in plants, plants changed atmosphere, first “insect” fossils appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the Carboniferous epoch?

A

359-290 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 characteristics of Carboniferous epoch

A

Plant and insect diversity explosion, insects take flight, atmospheric oxygen very high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During the Carboniferous epoch, what did the high (35%) oxygen content of the atmosphere do to insects?

A

Allowed them to grow much larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was the Permian epoch?

A

290-248 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 characteristics of Permian epoch

A

Largest insects ever, ends with mass extinction, decrease in oxygen concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When was the Mesozoic period?

A

247-65 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was the Triassic epoch?

A

247-208 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 characteristics of Triassic epoch

A

First “modern” families appear, ends with meteor impact, meteor did not affect insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When was the Jurassic epoch?

A

207-146 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 characteristics of Jurassic epoch

A

Dinosaurs dominate, insects don’t change very much, continent splits and fragments more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When was the Cretaceous epoch?

A

145-65 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

4 characteristics of Cretaceous epoch

A

Fragmentation and drifting of continents, co-radiation of insects and angiosperms, most “modern” insect families appear, ends with extinction of dinosaurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When was the Cenozoic period?

A

65 mya - present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hypothesis for relatedness of taxa based on shared ancestry. Based on morphology, behavior, DNA

A

Phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Category of like individuals

A

Taxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Phylogenetic group that includes all descendants of a common ancestor

A

Monophyletic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Phylogenetic group that includes some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor

A

Paraphyletic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Phylogenetic group that includes some descendants, but not the ancestor

A

Polyphyletic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Term that describes “advanced” traits. Shared trait that is recently evolved and appears only in a group of related species.

A

Apomorphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Term that describes “primitive” traits. Trait that arose in a distant ancestor and is shared by members outside the group.

A

Pleisiomorphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 examples of pleisiomorphies of mammals

A

Vertebrae, eyes, 4 limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

2 examples of apomorphies of mammals

A

Fur, mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

2 characteristics that constitutes a useful taxonomic group

A

Monophyletic, shared derived characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

2 challenges of monophyly in taxonomy

A

Convergent evolution, secondary loss of derived characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Independent evolution of similar characters

A

Convergent evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

E.g. loss of hind wings in flies/photosynthesis in parasitic plants

A

Secondary loss of derived characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How are competing hypotheses resolved in taxonomies?

A

Parsimony

42
Q

What percent of all named species on earth belong to the phylum Arthropoda?

A

75%

43
Q

5 defining characters of Arthropoda

A

Segmentation with regional specialization, jointed appendages, hardened exoskeleton, open circulatory system, tubular alimentary canal for excretion

44
Q

2 basic groups that make up Arthropoda

A

Mandibulata, arachnomorpha

45
Q

True or false: arachnomorpha have mandibles

A

FALSE

46
Q

True or false: arachnomorpha have piercing structures

A

TRUE

47
Q

What body segment does the group mandibulata have mandibles?

A

2nd

48
Q

4 shared apomorphies of Atelocerata and Pancrustacea

A

Loss of 2nd antennal pair, internal head skeleton, tracheae, malphigian tubules

49
Q

4 characteristics of class Diplopoda

A

two pairs of appendages on each body segment, scavengers, non-biting, ~10,000 species

50
Q

2 characteristics of class Chilopoda

A

1 pair of appendages of each body segment, predatory

51
Q

4 characteristics of class Arachnida

A

2 tagmata, no antennae, chelicerae (piercing/toxin), 6 pairs of appendages

52
Q

3 characteristics of order Acari

A

Head and body fused, unsegmented abdomen, ~30,000 species

53
Q

Mite that most human adults carry that can become problematic for immuno-compromised people

A

Demodex

54
Q

What order are Chiggers in?

A

Acari

55
Q

6 characteristics of order Opiliones

A

Head and body fused, segmented abdomen, mainly predatory, 6,000 species, not venomous, not spiders

56
Q

1 characteristic of order Scorpiones

A

Segmented abdomen that terminates in stingers

57
Q

3 characteristics of order Araneae

A

2 main body segments, venom gland at tip of chelicerae, 38,000 species

58
Q

3 characteristics of the first tagmata

A

Brain, sensory perception, mouthparts

59
Q

Characteristic of the second tagmata

A

Locomotion

60
Q

4 characteristics of the third tagmata

A

Digestion, excretion, respiration, reproduction

61
Q

Hardened sections of exoskeleton

A

Sclerites

62
Q

3 functions of sclerites

A

Protection, transfer force of muscle contraction into movement, water/oxygen transfer

63
Q

3 types of sclerites of abdomen

A

Tergites, pleurites, sternites

64
Q

3 types of sclerites of thorax

A

notum, pleurites, sternites

65
Q

Line of separation between sclerites due to folding of cuticle

A

Suture

66
Q

5 features of abdomen

A

Visceral organs, 11 segments, reproduction (segments 8-11), spiracles location, cerci

67
Q

Gas exchange structures found at the bottom of tergites and pleurites

A

Spiracles

68
Q

Abdomen appendages used for sensory, defense, and copulation

A

Cerci

69
Q

3 parts of thorax

A

Prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax

70
Q

6 segments of legs

A

Coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, claws

71
Q

5 characteristics of wings (on thorax)

A

Hollow veins, veins contain nerves and hemolymph, muscles in thorax move them, veination is important taxonomic character, present only in adult stages (except mayflies)

72
Q

4 parts of mouthpart

A

Labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium

73
Q

Section of mouthpart that is the “upper lip”; fused to clypeus and moves longitudinally

A

Labrum

74
Q

Section of mouthpart that is the “jaws”; paired structures that move at right angle used for biting and chewing

A

Mandibles

75
Q

Section of mouthpart that are paired structures that move at right angle which play sensory role

A

Maxillae

76
Q

Section of mouthpart that is the “lower lip”; moves longitudinally and includes pair of sensory palps

A

Labium

77
Q

How do siphons uncoil?

A

Hemolymph pressure

78
Q

2 types of photoreceptors

A

Ocelli, compound eye

79
Q

Single-lensed photoreceptor (simple eye)

A

Ocelli

80
Q

Composed of many “ommatidia” (hexagonal units)

A

Compound eye

81
Q

2 functions of antennae

A

Chemoreception, mechanoreception

82
Q

4 parts of antennae

A

Antennal sclerite, scape, pedicel, flagellum

83
Q

6 types of antennae

A

Setaceous, moniliform, filiform, geniculate, plumose, clubbed

84
Q

3 parts of head

A

Mouthparts, eyes, antennae

85
Q

2 parts of exoskeleton

A

Epidermis, cuticle

86
Q

Inner living cell layer of exoskeleton which maintains the cuticle

A

Epidermis

87
Q

Non-living layer of exoskeleton which is made up of chitin, proteins, and lipids

A

Cuticle

88
Q

3 functions of cuticle layer of exoskeleton

A

Protection, water-proofing, structural support

89
Q

2 types of metamorphosis

A

Holometabolous, hemimetabolous

90
Q

What type of metamorphosis is considered “complete metamorphosis”?

A

Holometabolous

91
Q

2 types of hemimetabolous metamorphosis

A

Ametabolous, holometabolous

92
Q

3 orders of group Entognatha

A

Protura, Collembola, Diplura

93
Q

8 characteristics of collembola

A

Wingless, collophore, internal mouthparts, most abundant hexopods on earth, lack tracheae, molt after reproduction, indirect sperm transfer, 7,000 species

94
Q

Tubule structure for grooming, water uptake, and adhesion

A

Collophore

95
Q

2 orders of group Apterygote

A

Archeognatha, Thysanura

96
Q

7 characteristics of Thysanura

A

3 tails, external mouthparts, body flattened with scales, common household pests, indirect sperm transfer, molt after maturity, 370 species

97
Q

2 orders of group Paleoptera

A

Ephemeropter, Odonata

98
Q

4 shared characteristics of Ephemeroptera and Odonata

A

Large yes, aquatic nymphs and aerial adults, hemimetabolous, wings have direct flight muscle attachment

99
Q

6 characteristics of Ephemeroptera

A

Wings prior to adult stage, fly fishing, feathery abdominal gills, large triangular wings held as tent, nymphs are scavengers, 2000 species

100
Q

2 suborders of order Odonata

A

Anisoptera, Zygoptera

101
Q

5 characteristics of Odonata

A

Large eyes with tiny antennae, 5000 species, highly predatory, direct sperm transfer, differences between anisoptera and zygoptera as nymphs

Insects (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions