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Insect Classification > Insect Classification Exam 2 > Flashcards

Insect Classification Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hemipteroid Orders

A

Psocoptera, Pthiraptera, Hemiptera, and Thysanoptera

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2
Q

Hemipteroid suborders

A

Psocodea (Psocoptera and Phthiraptera) and Condylognatha (Hemiptera and Thysanoptera)

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3
Q

Hemiptera charateristics

A

Piercing-sucking beak, 4 piercing stylets, no palps

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4
Q

Hemiptera suborders

A

Sternorrhynca, Auchenorrhynca, and Heteroptera

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5
Q

Sternorrhynca

A

Hemipteran suborder: psyllids, scales, whiteflies, and aphids

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6
Q

Sternorrhynca characteristics

A

Psyllids, scales, whiteflies, and aphids; beak arises from posterior margin of head/between front coxae, antennae long and filiform, tarsi 1-2 segmented

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7
Q

Auchenorrhynca

A

Hemipteran suborder: cicadas, plant/leafhoppers

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8
Q

Auchenorrhynca characteristics

A

Cicadas, plant/leafhoppers; beak arises from posterior margin of head, antennae short and bristle-like, tarsi 3 segmented

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9
Q

Heteroptera

A

Hemipteran suborder: true bugs

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10
Q

Heteroptera characteristics

A

True bugs; beak arises from anterior portion of head, basal portion of front wings thick while apical portion membranous

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11
Q

Sternorrhyncha families

A

Psyllidae (psyllids), Aleyrodidae (whiteflies), Aphididae (aphids), Superfamily Coccoidea (scales)

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12
Q

Psyllidae characteristics

A

Psyllids; 2-5mm, beak short and 3 segmented, resemble tiny cicadas

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13
Q

Aleyrodidae characteristics

A

Whiteflies; 2-3mm, resemble tiny moths, wings covered with waxy powder or dust

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14
Q

Aphididae characteristics

A

Aphids; small, softbodied, cornicles present at posterior end of abdomen, found in large groups

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15
Q

Coccoidea characteristics

A

Scale; females are usually wingless and legless, males have a single pair of wings and look similar to gnats

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16
Q

Cicadidae characteristics

A

large, make species specific sounds from tymbals

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17
Q

Membracidae characteristics

A

Tree-hoppers; 10-12mm, pronotum covers head and extends to abdomen

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18
Q

Cercopidae characteristics

A

Froghoppers and spittlebugs; under 13mm, hind tibia with 1-2 stout spines laterally and crown of spines at tip

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19
Q

Cicadellidae characteristics

A

Leafhoppers; under 13mm, hind tibia with 1+ rows of spines but no crown of spines at tip

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20
Q

Delphacidae characteristics

A

Planthopper; small and may have reduced wings, large flattened spur at base of hind tibia

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21
Q

Dictyopharidae characteristics

A

Planthoppers; head prolonged into a slender process (usually!)

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22
Q

Fulgoridae characteristics

A

Lanternflies; 13mm with wingspan 25mm (largest); reticulated anal area of hind wings with many cross veins

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23
Q

Flatidae characteristics

A

Planthoppers; wedge shaped appearance at rest, numerous cross veins at costal area of front wings

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24
Q

Issidae characteristics

A

Planthoppers; lacks cross veins in costal areas of front wings

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25
Q

Enicocephalidae characteristics

A

Unique-headed bug/gnat bug; 2-5mm, front wings entirely membranous, predaceous on small insects

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26
Q

Nepidae characteristics

A

Waterscorpions; raptorial forelegs, well developed wings, long caudal breathing tubes formed by cerci

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27
Q

Belostomatidae characteristics

A

Giant water bugs/toe biters; large, males might carry eggs on back

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28
Q

Corixidae characteristics

A

Water boatmen; 1 scoop-shaped tarsal segment, dorsal surface flat with cross stripes

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29
Q

Notonectidae characteristics

A

Backswimmers; keel shaped, predaceous

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30
Q

Gelastocoridae characteristics

A

Toad bugs; toad-like, small eyes

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31
Q

Naucoridae characteristics

A

Creeping water bugs; 9-13mm, front femora greatly thickened with skinnier tibia, bites hurt badly

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32
Q

Mesoveliidae characteristics

A

Water treaders; 5mm or less, antennae 4 semented, beak 3 segmented, ocelli present, tarsi 3 segmented

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33
Q

Hydrometridae characteristics

A

Water measurers/marsh treaders; 8mm, head long and slender, check mouthparts to distinguish from walking sticks!

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34
Q

Veliidae characteristics

A

Broad-shouldered water striders; usually wingless, middle legs equidistant from others, tarsal claw arises before tip

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35
Q

Gerridae characteristics

A

Water striders; middle legs are closest to hind legs, tarsal claw arises before tip

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36
Q

Tingidae characteristics

A

Lace bugs; pronotum has triangular extension over scutellum, antennae and beak 4 segmented, tarsi 1-2 segmented, no ocelli

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37
Q

Miridae characteristics

A

Plant bugs; 4-10mm, oval

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38
Q

Anthocoridae characteristics

A

Minute pirate bugs; 3-5mm, black and white markings, front wing with few/no veins, ocelli present

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39
Q

Cimicidae

A

Bed bugs

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40
Q

Reduviidae characteristics

A

Assassin and Ambush bugs; beak short and usually curved back, 3 segmented beak, antennae 4 segmented, front femora thickened or raptorial front legs

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41
Q

Aradidae charateristics

A

Flat or fungus bugs; 3-11mm, very flat, ocelli absent

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42
Q

Lygaeidae characteristics

A

Seed bugs; 2-18mm, antennae and beak 4 segmented, tarsi 3 segmented

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43
Q

Coreidae characteristics

A

Leaf-footed bugs; 13-40mmm, hind tibia dilated and leaf like, head narrower and shorter than pronotum

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44
Q

Scutelleridae characteristics

A

Shield-backed bugs; 8-10mm, 5 segmented antennae, look beetle like because scutellum covers most of abdomen

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45
Q

Pentatomidae characteristics

A

Stink bugs; 5 segmented antennae, scutellum large and triangular

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46
Q
A

Pentatomidae: stink bugs

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47
Q
A

Scutelleridae: shield bugs

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48
Q
A

Coreidae: leaf-footed bugs

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49
Q
A

Lygaeidae: seed bugs

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50
Q
A

Aradidae: flat or fungus bugs

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51
Q
A

Reduviidae: assassin or ambush bugs

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52
Q
A

Cimicidae: bed bugs

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53
Q
A

Anthocoridae: minute pirate bugs

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54
Q
A

Miridae: plant bugs

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55
Q
A

Tingidae: lace bugs

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56
Q
A

Gerridae: water striders

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57
Q

Concept of Availability

A

if the name is available and it is validly published, then it is legitimate

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58
Q

Nomen nudum

A

a name that does not satisfy conditions of availability

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59
Q

Valid name

A

The oldest available name (first published name)

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60
Q

Synonyms

A

Senior synonym: earliest published name
Junior synonym: all subsequent published names (not valid)

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61
Q

Synonym vs. Homonym

A

Synonym is the same name for the same taxa, homonym is the same name for different taxa

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62
Q

Type

A

a specimen or taxon which carries a given name as the “example”

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63
Q

Superfamily ending

A

-oidea

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64
Q

Family ending

A

-idae

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65
Q

Subfamily ending

A

-inae

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66
Q

Tribe ending

A

-ini

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67
Q

When to use parentheses after a species name

A

if the species is moved to a different genus

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68
Q

Subspecies

A

Phenotypically different groups which are different on a taxonomic level

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69
Q

Races

A

local populations which aren’t different enough to be designated subspecies

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70
Q

Clines

A

used to describe character gradients across a population (used to describe a single character)

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71
Q

Variety

A

ambiguous term used to describe differences across a population

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72
Q

Anagenesis

A

No branching into a new species (turns into a new species)

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73
Q

Cladogenesis/speciation

A

Branching into two new species

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74
Q

Biological species concept

A

Group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups

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75
Q

Faults of biological species concept

A

Doesn’t account for asexual species, indiscriminate use of “reproductive isolation” definition, depends on comparing to other “species” to define parameters

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76
Q

Phylogenetic species concept

A

Smallest detected samples of self perpetuating organisms that have unique sets of characters; relies on morphology

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77
Q

Faults of phylogenetic species concept

A

Could overestimate species diversity

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78
Q

Recognition species concept

A

A species is the most inclusive population of individual, biparental organisms which share a common fertilization system; emphasizes mating adaptations

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79
Q

Faults of recognition species concept

A

impossible to apply without knowledge of behavior, excludes uniparental species

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80
Q

Evolutionary species concept

A

a lineage evolving separately from others with its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies

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81
Q

Fault of evolutionary species concept

A

pretty much impossible to apply

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82
Q

Theoretical species concepts

A

Biological

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83
Q

Operational species concepts

A

Phylogenetic, Recognition (somewhat!)

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84
Q
A

Veliidae: broad-shouldered water striders

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85
Q
A

Hydrometridae: water measurers, marsh treaders

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86
Q
A

Mesoviliidae: water treaders

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87
Q
A

Naucoridae: creeping water bugs

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88
Q
A

Gelastocoridae: toad bugs

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89
Q
A

Notonectidae: backswimmers

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90
Q
A

Corixidae: water boatmen

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91
Q
A

Belastomatidae: giant water bugs

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92
Q
A

Nepidae: Waterscorpions

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93
Q
A

Enicocephalidae: gnat bug

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94
Q
A

Issidae: plant hoppers

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95
Q
A

Flatidae: plant hoppers

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96
Q
A

Fulgoridae: lanternflies

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97
Q
A

Dictyopharidae: plant hoppers

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98
Q
A

Delphacidae: plant hoppers

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99
Q
A

Cicadellidae: leaf hoppers

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100
Q
A

Cercopidae: frog hoppers and spittlebugs

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101
Q
A

Membracidae: tree hoppers

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102
Q
A

Cicadidae: cicadas

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103
Q
A

Superfamily Coccoidea: scale insects

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104
Q
A

Aphididae: aphids and plantlice

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105
Q
A

Aleyrodidae: whieflies

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106
Q
A

Psyllidae: psyllids

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107
Q

Important people in the Pre-Linnaean Period

A

Democritus, Aristotle, Agricola

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108
Q

Major advances of the Pre-Linnaean Period

A

Systematic grouping of organisms and the light microscope

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109
Q

Democritus

A

first systematist, distinguished between red-blooded animals and others

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110
Q

Aristotle

A

first to create a systematic grouping based on characteristics

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111
Q

Agricola

A

focused on the media bugs are found in: fly, crawl, swim

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112
Q

Important people of the Linnaean Period

A

Little - Linnaeus
Dogs - DeGeer
Scoot - Scopoli
Frantically - Fabricius
Like - Lamarck
Little - Latreille
Lizards - LeConte
Hafta - Haeckel
Scoot - Scudder

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113
Q

Major advancements of the Linnaean Period

A

binomial nomenclature and classification using a hierarchical system

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114
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

founder of systematics; first to formulate definite classification groups; made binomial nomenclature; published Systema Naturae

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115
Q

Johann Christian Fabricius

A

defined over 10,000 species based solely on mouthparts

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116
Q

John L. LeConte

A

“Greatest North American taxonomist in entomology” - described over 4700 species

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117
Q

Ernst Heinrich Haeckel

A

made first phyla tree

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118
Q

Samuel Scudder

A

most well known American for studying fossil insects

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119
Q

Important people of the Modern Period

A

Dudes - Darwin
Hate - Hennig
Big - Brauer
City - Comstock
Wind - Wheeler et al

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120
Q

Major advances of the Modern Period

A

theory of evolution, Hennigian phylogenetics, computers and molecular genetics

121
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Published “On the Origin of Species” 1859 and provided the evolution theory

122
Q

Willi Hennig

A

proposed phylogenetic systematics

123
Q

John Henry Comstock

A

developed system for wing venation and recognized 25 orders

124
Q

Wheeler et al

A

recognized 28 orders with Strepsiptera and Diptera as sister in “Halteria”

125
Q

3 things that names need

A

Uniqueness, universality, and stability

126
Q

Main international commissions of nomenclature

A

Zoological, botanical, and bacterial

127
Q

Nomen nudum

A

“Naked name” which does not satisfy conditions of availability

128
Q

Principle of Priority

A

first published available name is the official name

129
Q

Name synonym

A

2+ names for same taxon

130
Q

Name homonym

A

same name for 2+ taxa (doesn’t matter if both are not animals)

131
Q

Holotype

A

whole specimen or fossil used in original description and designated by the author as the holotype (name carrier)

132
Q

Paratype

A

specimen in type series not designated as holotype (not name carrier)

133
Q

Syntype

A

2+ specimens used in description when no holotype was designated (all are name carriers)

134
Q

Lectotype

A

always chosen from syntype series; designated by author after original description (same status as holotype)

135
Q

Neotype

A

part/whole specimen selected by an author as a replacement type after all original type material was lost (name carrier)

136
Q

What is the type for a genus?

137
Q

What is the type for a family?

138
Q

Pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms

A

habitat, behavioral, temporal, mechanical, gametic

139
Q

Post-zygotic isolating mechanisms

A

reduced hybrid viability (abortion), reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown (when the second generation is feeble or sterile)

140
Q

What is the meaning of Coleoptera?

A

Sheathed wing

141
Q

Coleoptera Suborders

A

Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Polyphaga

142
Q

Cicindelidae characteristics

A

Tiger beetles: Prominent eyes, pronotum narrower than elytra, filiform antennae, 5-5-5

143
Q
A

Cicindelidae: tiger beetles

144
Q

Carabidae characteristics

A

Ground beetles: antennae threadlike, inserted between mandibles and eyes; shiny and usually black with striate elytra; head at eyes usually narrower than pronotum

145
Q
A

Carabidae: ground beetles

146
Q

Haliplidae characteristics

A

Crawling water beetles: small convex ovals, tapering at end; yellow or brown with black spots; very large hind coxae

147
Q
A

Haliplidae: crawling water beetles

148
Q

Dytiscidae characteristics

A

Predaceous diving beetles: body is smooth, oval, and very hard; hind legs flattened and fringed with long hairs for paddling; chamber under elytra holds air

149
Q
A

Dytiscidae: predaceous diving beetles

150
Q

Gyrinidae characteristics

A

Whirligig beetles: black oval beetles; strong flatened middle and hind legs; front legs elongate and slender; antennae short and clubbed, with third segment expanded and ear-like; divided compound eye on upper and ventral surface

151
Q
A

Gyrinidae: whirligig beetles

152
Q

Silphidae characteristics

A

Carrion beetles; usually black or orange and black; clubbed antennae; clubbed antennae; 5 segmented tarsae

153
Q
A

Silphidae: carrion beetles

154
Q

Staphylinidae characteristics

A

Rove beetles: slender and elongate, short elytra with 6 or 7 visible sterna; long sharp mandibes

155
Q
A

Staphylinidae: rove beetles

156
Q

Hydrophilidae characteristics

A

Water scavenger beetles: short, clubbed antennae; long maxillary palps; metasternum prolonged into sharp spine

157
Q
A

Hydrophilidae: water scavenger beetles

158
Q

Histeridae characteristics

A

Hister beetles: elytra cut off square at apex exposing abdominal segments; antennae elbowed and clubbed

159
Q
A

Histeridae: hister beetles

160
Q

Passalidae characteristics

A

Bessbugs: large and dark colored; antennae not elbowed and 3 segmented open club; pronotum with median longitudinal groove; distinct gap between pronotum and elytra; elytra deeply grooved; 5-5-5

161
Q
A

Passalidae: bess bugs

162
Q

Lucanidae characteristics

A

Stag beetles: antennae elbowed with club 3 or 4 segmented; segments of club not held tightly together; black or reddish brown; pronotum without median groove; FW usually smooth

163
Q
A

Lucanidae: stag beetles

164
Q

Scarabaeidae characteristics

A

Very diverse; lamellate antennae that can close tightly; tarsi 5-5-5

165
Q
A

Scarabaeidae

166
Q

Buprestidae characteristics

A

Metallic wood-boring beetles: first abdominal sternite not divided by hind coxae; antennae usually short and sawtoothed; tarsi 5-5-5

167
Q
A

Buprestidae: metallic wood-boring beetles or jewel beetles

168
Q

Elateridae characteristics

A

Click beetles; corners of thorax form sharp points; elongate backward lobe on prosternum; larvae are wireworms

169
Q
A

Elateridae: click beetles

170
Q

Lycidae characteristics

A

Net winged beetles: wings reticulate with longitudinal ridges and cross ridges; wings broadest posteriorly; head concealed from above

171
Q
A

Lycidae: net winged beetles

172
Q

Lampyridae characteristics

A

Fireflies: head generally concealed from above; 5th and 6th abdominal segments luminous

173
Q
A

Lampyridae: fireflies

174
Q

Cantharidae characteristics

A

Soldier beetles: elongate, soft-bodied; head visible; usually yellow and black

175
Q
A

Cantharidae: soldier beetles

176
Q

Dermestidae characteristics

A

Dermestid or skin beetles: small and ovalish; head concealed; often have scales or hair; antennae generally with 3 segmented club that fits in grooves on pronotum

177
Q
A

Dermestidae: dermestid or skin beetles

178
Q

Bostrichidae characteristics

A

Branch and twig borers: cylindrical; head mostly concealed by pronotum; pronotum often bearing teeth; antennae with loose 3-4 segmented club; infest wood

179
Q
A

Bostrichidae: branch and twig borers

180
Q

Hypognathous

A

head mostly concealed by pronotum

181
Q

Nitidulidae characteristics

A

Sap beetles: antennae abrupt 3-segmented club; abdomen often exposed beyond FW; often marked with yellow or red; shape variable

182
Q
A

Nitidulidae: sap beetles

183
Q

Cucujidae characteristics

A

Flat bark beetles: body often greatly flattened; elytra striated; brown, black, or red

184
Q
A

Cucujidae: flat bark beetles

185
Q

Erotlylidae characteristics

A

Pleasing fungus beetle: usually no pubescence; can be marked with red/orange/yellow; antennae with 3 segmented flattened club

186
Q
A

Erotylidae: pleasing fungus beetle

187
Q

Coccinellidae characteristics

A

Ladybird beetles: tarsi apparently 3-3-3, actually 4-4-4

188
Q
A

Coccinellidae

189
Q

Tenebrionidae characteristics

A

Darkling beetles: highly variable; antennae usually 11 segmented, filiform, moniliform, or slightly clubbed; 5-5-4 tarsi; eyes notched by frontal ridge

190
Q
A

Tenebrionidae: darkling beetles

191
Q

Meliodae characteristics

A

Blister beetles: elongate body with pronotum narrower than head and elytra; soft-bodied and leathery; elytra rolled often exposing last abdominal segments; tarsi 5-5-4

192
Q
A

Meloidae: blister beetles

193
Q

Cerambycidae characteristics

A

Long-horned beetles: antennae at least half as long as body; eyes notched with antennae base in notch; tarsi apparently 4-4-4

194
Q
A

Cerambycidae: long-horned beetles

195
Q

Chrysomelidae characteristics

A

Leaf beetles: often brightly colored; tarsi apparently 4-4-4 but actually 5-5-5; eyes usually not notched

196
Q
A

Chrysomelidae: leaf beetles

197
Q

Curculionidae characteristics

A

Snout well developed; antennae with a 3 segmented club; body often covered with scales; tarsi apparently 4-4-4 but actually 5-5-5

198
Q
A

Cucurlionidae: snout beetles

199
Q

Suborder Adephaga identifying characteristics

A

Notopleural sutures on ventral prothorax; first abdominal segment divided by hind coxae

200
Q

Families in Adephaga

A

Cicindelidae (tiger beetles), Carabidae (ground beetles), Haliplidae (crawling water beetles), Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles), Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles)

201
Q

Suborders of Diptera

A

Nematocera and Brachycera

202
Q

Nematocera characteristics

A

larvae with sclerotized head capsule; antennae with 6+ segments; generally smaller and more delicate

203
Q

Brachycera characteristics

A

larvae without sclerotized head capsule; antennae with 5- segments; third antennal segment may be subdivided

204
Q

Tipulidae characteristics

A

Crane flies: very long legs and v-shaped suture on mesonotum; ocelli absent

205
Q
A

Tipulidae: crane flies

206
Q

Bibionidae characteristics

A

Love bugs and march flies: stout black bodies; antennae short; thickened C ends near wing tip; tibia with apical spurs; pulvilli present

207
Q
A

Bibionidae: love bugs and march flies

208
Q

Mycetophilidae characteristics

A

Fungus gnats: slender long legs; elongate coxae; eyes do not meet above antennae base; ocelli present

209
Q
A

Mycetophilidae: fungus gnats

210
Q

Psychodidae characteristics

A

Moth and sand flies: very hairy; moth fly wings broad and pointed apically

211
Q
A

Psychodidae: moth and sand flies

212
Q

Culicidae characteristics

A

Mosquitoes: scaled wing veins; proboscis long and obvious

213
Q
A

Culicidae: mosquitoes

214
Q

Chironomidae characteristics

A

Midges: mosquito-like but no scales on wings or long proboscis; very long protarsi; wing vein M unbranched

215
Q
A

Chironomidae: midges

216
Q

Tabanidae characteristics

A

Deer and horse flies: large, stout bodies; calypters large; R4 and 5 divergent enclosing wing tip; 3rd antennomere elongate

217
Q
A

Tabanidae: horse and deer flies

218
Q

Stratiomyidae characteristics

A

Soldier flies: discal cell present in wing; R branches heavy and crowded

219
Q
A

Stratiomyidae: soldier flies

220
Q

Asilidae characteristics

A

Robber flies: concave top of head; scary bee flies

221
Q
A

Asilidae: robber flies

222
Q

Bombyliidae characteristics

A

Bee flies: stout bodies with dense hair; M1 ends behind wing tip; 3 or 4 posterior cells; discal cell present

223
Q
A

Bombyliidae: bee flies

224
Q

Dolichopodidae characteristics

A

Long-legged flies: usually metallic with bright red eyes; r-m crossvein short or absent

225
Q
A

Dolichopodidae: long-legged flies

226
Q

Syrphidae characteristics

A

Flower flies: spurious vein present between R and M; R5 cell closed; usually resemble wasps or bees

227
Q
A

Syrphidae: hover flies

228
Q

Tephritidae characteristics

A

Fruit flies: small or medium sized; often bright colored with patterned wings; Sc abruptly curved

229
Q
A

Tephritidae: fruit flies

230
Q

Drosophilidae characteristics

A

Pomace flies: usually yellowish or brownish; postvertical bristles converge on top of head; oral bristles well developed; Sc incomplete

231
Q
A

Drosophilidae: pomace flies

232
Q

Ephydridae characteristics

A

Shore flies: small and black; face somewhat bulging; oral bristles absent; Sc incomplete; postvertical bristles diverging

233
Q
A

Ephydridae: shore flies

234
Q

Muscidae characteristics

A

Filth flies: 2A short and not reaching wing margin; undersurface of scutellum without fine hairs; more than one sternopleural bristle; R5 parallel; often 4 black pronotal stripes

235
Q
A

Muscidae: filth flies

236
Q

Calliphoridae characteristics

A

Blow flies: often metallic; postscutellum not developed; 2-3 notopleural bristles; arista plumose

237
Q
A

Calliphoridae: blow flies

238
Q

Sarcophagidae characteristics

A

Flesh flies: blackish with 3 black thoracic stripes; srista plumose only in basal half; usually 4 notopleural bristles

239
Q
A

Sarcophagidae: flesh flies

240
Q

Tachinidae characteristics

A

Hypopleural bristles well developed; R5 cell narrowed or closed distally; arista usually bare and hairy abdomens

241
Q
A

Tachinidae

242
Q

Strepsiptera

A

Twisted wing parasites

243
Q

Strepsiptera characteristics

A

front wings reduced to knob-like structres; hind wings fan-like with few veins; females wingless

244
Q
A

Strepsiptera

245
Q

Mecoptera

A

Scorpionflies and hanging flies

246
Q

Mecoptera characteristics

A

fore/hindwings similar; elongated head; chewing mouthparts and 4 wings

247
Q

Panorpidae characteristics

A

elongate rostrum; male genitalia large and bulbous like a scorpion tail; most have pattern on wings

248
Q
A

Panorpidae: scorpionflies

249
Q

Bittacidae characteristics

A

Hangingflies: resemble crane flies but with 4 wings; long tarsal segments; 5th tarsal segments folded back along 4th; single tarsal claw; hang by front legs and catch small insects with hind legs

250
Q
A

Bittacidae: hangingflies

251
Q

Siphonaptera

252
Q

Amphiesmenoptera

A

Trichoptera and Lepidoptera

253
Q

Amphiesmenoptera synapomorphies

A

Females are heterogametic (ZX); dense setae on wings; larval mouthparts modified to make silk

254
Q

Psychidae characteristics

A

Bagworms: mouthparts reduced; typically with two anal veins in hind wings

255
Q
A

Psychidae: bagworm moths

256
Q

Plutellidae characteristics

A

ocelli present; proboscis without scales; second segment of labial palps with projecting tuft of scales

257
Q
A

Plutellidae

258
Q

Sesiidae characteristics

A

wasp mimics; ocelli present; fore and hind wings zipped together with folds along whole length

259
Q
260
Q

Cossidae characteristics

A

medium-sized to large; ocelli and proboscis usually absent; often checkered gray; tympanal organs absent; hindwing with 3 anal veins

261
Q
262
Q

Crambidae characteristics

A

Scaled proboscis; scale ring present between antenna and eye; tympanum present on first two abdominal sternites; membranous praecinctorium over tympanal organs

263
Q
264
Q

Pyralidae characteristics

A

scaled proboscis; scale ring frequently absent between antennae and eye; narrow-winged; tympanum present on first two abdominal sternites; praecinctorium absent

265
Q
266
Q

Limacodidae characteristics

A

maxillary palps and proboscis reduced or absent; basal section of antennae feathery; ocelli absent; R1 and R2 not stalked; R veins branched beyond discal cell

267
Q

Hymenoptera

A

bees, wasps, and ants. Chewing-lapping mouthparts and either 0 or 4 wings

268
Q

Symphyta

A

suborder of Hymenoptera. Broad waist, not petiolate; 3 basal cells in hind wing

269
Q

Apocrita

A

suborder of Hymenoptera. narrow waist; 2 or less basal cells in hind wing; grub or maggotlike larvae

270
Q

Tenthredinidae

A

sawflies: filiform antennae; 1 or 2 marginal cells

271
Q
A

Tenthredinidae

272
Q

Ichneumonidae vs. Brachonidae

A

Find the horse head shape in front wing; if divided into 3 it’s a Braconid. Ichneumonids also have 2 mCu veins going vertically to make a full cell under the horse’s head.

273
Q

Evaniidae

A

Ensign wasps: black or black and red; spider-like; metasoma attached by narrow petiole high above hind coxa

274
Q

Chalcididae

A

Reduced wing venation; enlarged metafemora with marginal teeth; enlarged metacoxae compared to pro-and mesocoxae (big legged)

275
Q
A

Chalcididae

276
Q

Chrysididae

A

Cuckoo wasps: metallic blue or green; abdomen ventrally concave with 4 or fewer segments; body has dimples; hind wing without closed cells and with unique lobe

277
Q
A

Chrysididae: cuckoo wasps

278
Q

Tegula

A

small plate found on first pair of wings

279
Q

Sphecidae

A

Thread-waisted wasps: collar-like pronotum; pronotal lobe not reaching tegula; includes mud daubers

280
Q
A

Sphecidae: thread waisted wasps

281
Q

Halictidae

A

sweat bees: often metallic; 3 submarginal cells; one subantennal suture (comes down from antenna to eyes)

282
Q
A

Halictidae: sweat bees

283
Q

Megachilidae

A

Leaf-cutting bees: collect pollen below body instead of hindlegs; dense setae on underside

284
Q
A

Megachilidae: leaf cutting bees

285
Q

Apidae

A

Bumble and honey bees: collect pollen on legs with corbiculae

286
Q
287
Q

Tiphiidae

A

long and slender; yellow and black; gap between pro-and mesocoxae; coxae not equidistant

288
Q
289
Q

Scoliidae

A

large and hairy; black with yellow legs (often); coxae equidistant; wrinkled “wavy” wings

290
Q
291
Q

Mutillidae

A

Velvet ants: brightly colored and pubescent; extremely ant-like

292
Q
A

Mutillidae

293
Q

Formicidae

A

Ants: have a petiole with 1 or 2 nodes; elbowed antennae

294
Q
A

Formicidae

295
Q

Vespidae

A

V or U shaped pronotum that reaches tegula; most will fold wings lengthwise twice

296
Q

Pompilidae

A

Spider wasps: distinctly elongate procoxae; transverse suture across mesopleuron

297
Q
A

Pompilidae

Insect Classification (2 decks)

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