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International Affairs > INR 3003 Exam 2 > Flashcards

INR 3003 Exam 2 Flashcards

Dr. Bendeck's second unit of INR 3003 (FSU Fall 2013)

1
Q

What is the essential component of a nation-state system?

A

Democracy

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2
Q

We have seen a rise in what in the years since WWII?

A

Democracy

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3
Q

Mearsheimer and the realists predict what after the Cold War?

A

Conflict

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4
Q

Samuel Huntington

A

Wrote the Clash of Civilizations. Predicts civilizational conflict

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5
Q

What did Francis Fukuyama write?

A

The End of History

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6
Q

The end of what and what allowed for a major explosion of democracy?

A

The Cold War and communism

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7
Q

Fukuyama’s work was a specific response to what?

A

The spread of democracy

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8
Q

Post-Cold War expansion means what?

A

We have reached the end of history – the end of logical evolution of political ideology

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9
Q

Who was Fukuyama influenced by?

A

Hegel

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10
Q

The “End of History”’s 3 basic components?

A

We all have a need for survival, mankind has an ability to reason that separates us from other animals and helps us survive, and there is an innate spiritedness where people search for recognition of one’s self-worth

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11
Q

What perspective is Fukuyama?

A

Constructivist/identity

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12
Q

Features of the identity perspective?

A

Ideology comes first, prestige is goal, development of political ideology of liberal democracy – countries see each other as equals and compete for recognition

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13
Q

Teleological history

A

history as an evolution of ideas that shape political and social organization. Man has been trying to work out the best form of political ideology throughout history. Logical, natural, and linear progression of ideas that continues until reaching fulfillment in liberal democracy

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14
Q

Criticism of teleological history

A

Ehtnocentric/western oriented

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15
Q

What is liberal democracy based on?

A

Ideals born out of the Enlightenment?

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16
Q

Clearly defined components of democracy

A

democratic form of government that limits the role of the government, protect individual freedoms through laws, economic opportunity through capitalism

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17
Q

Where do we have a liberal democracy? What does Europe have?

A

The U.S.; a social democracy

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18
Q

What 2 challenges did liberal-democracy face in the 20th century?

A

communism and fascism

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19
Q

For Fukuyama, what was the end of history?

A

When Soviet Russia fell

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20
Q

Modernization theory

A

democracy will come into being as a direct result of the economy transformation of Europe (born out of severe social changes)

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21
Q

How does economic development promote democracy?

A

By transforming the underlying society (masses), which uproot the old political system

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22
Q

What transformations took place in European society that led to democracy?

A

Bourgeoisie class, proletariat class, urbanization, education, and civil society (civilization run by government based on a middle class)

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23
Q

Critique of modernization theory

A

Do we have to industrialize to get to democracy? Most wealthy countries are democratic – more of a correlation here. This is the story of the West – will we see the same pattern elsewhere?

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24
Q

What is the identity perspective/Fukuyama’s view on the modernization theory?

A

we didn’t need modernization, revolution, or economic transformation to get to democracy – only ideas (principally)

25
Q

Democratic stability theory

A

We don’t need wealth to get to democracy, but wealth helps stabilize democracy (content population)

26
Q

Democracy spreads what?

A

Peace!

27
Q

3 main points of the Democratic Peace

A

democracies don’t attack each other, we live in anarchy and democracy is the way to ensure our security and peace, and democracies prefer to trade and conduct diplomacy with each other

28
Q

Because there is ____ among democracies, diplomacy flows freer.

A

Trust

29
Q

What is the identity response to the Democratic Peace Theory?

A

Champions of it — democracies value peace and share a political ideology

30
Q

What is the liberal response to the Democratic Peace?

A

They agree, but say that complex-interdependence is the cause. There is peaceful behavior because democracies belong to the same international organizations

31
Q

Realists view on the Democratic Peace?

A

Proponents of democracy, but don’t agree that it is a guarantee of peace. Democracies have been allied together to counter-balance non-democracies. If all countries were democracies, they might go to war with each other.

32
Q

3 ways democracy helps prevent war

A

public constraints built in, democratic culture, audience costs (2 things combined)

33
Q

What are the exceptions to the Democratic Peace?

A

The U.S. has been willing to use covert operations with other democracies: Iran with Mosaddegh (1953) and Guatemala with Arbenz (1954)

34
Q

What happened in Iran in 1953 that caused the U.S. to use covert ops? What did the U.S. do? What was the outcome?

A

Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh nationalized the oil industry. There were rumors he was drawing closer to the U.S.S.R. The U.S. worked to incite rebellion to remove Mosaddegh. Outcome: Iran ceased to be a democracy –> authoritarian

35
Q

What happened in Guatemala in 1954 that caused the U.S. to use covert ops? What did the U.S. do? What was the outcome?

A

President Jacobo Arbenz nationalized the fallow land of the U.S. United Fruit Company, enacted land reforms, and redistributed land. Smelled like communism to the U.S. The U.S. trained 480 anti-Arbenz operatives who invaded Guatemala. They used propaganda to turn the public opinion. Outcome: Arbenz stepped down –> right wing military government in power

36
Q

The U.S. has been willing to sacrifice for democracy for what?

A

To prevent the spread of communism

37
Q

Wiarda’s definition of globalization

A

The increasing scale, intent, variety, speed, and attitude of international cross-order social, economy, military, political, and cultural interrelations (generally)

38
Q

Steger’s definition of globalization

A

the intensification and stretching of economic interrelations across the globe

39
Q

What book did Thomas Friedman write and what does it argue?

A

The World is Flat; globalization has occurred in three waves

40
Q

Globalization 1.0

A

Age of Mercantilism and Colonialism (1492-1800), exploration. Promote wealth by expand exports and limiting imports, increase the wealth of the state and its relative power. Colonialism as a system of exploitation (resource extraction). Shrank world from large to medium.

41
Q

Globalization 2.0

A

Pax Britannica: British economic hegemon from 1800 to the end of the WWs. Power behind creating global markets – emergence of multi-lateral trading and MNCs. Shrank world from medium to small.

42
Q

Globalization 3.0

A

Pax Americana from 1945-today – America economic hegemon. Shrinking world from small to tiny. Internet allows individuals to play roles only companies could before.

43
Q

What does it mean that the “world is flat”?

A

Accessible by anyone with technology, access to anywhere (transportation), expansion of productive capacity of the world

44
Q

What expanded after the Cold War?

A

Global trade

45
Q

Comparative advantage

A

David Ricardo. State can produce more goods if they focus specifically on those they can make most efficiently, cheaply, and quickly at home. What you can’t produce, you should import from someone who can. Specializing based on own resource base –> diverse products produced and sold at the lowest cost

46
Q

What is comp. adv. contingent upon?

A

Free markets/open trade

47
Q

If comp. adv. works, we should see an increase in what?

A

world living standards

48
Q

Economic globalization creates a relationship of what between smaller and bigger states?

A

dependency – smaller states have natural resources and they seek markets with larger powers who need the resource. The smaller power gets stuck supplying and not further developing.

49
Q

Risks of trade

A

high trade dependency, comp. adv. (specialization happens at the expense of other industries), and deficit

50
Q

Having a high trade dependency is a problem of what?

A

Interdependence

51
Q

What is key?

A

Reinvestment in industry

52
Q

what is a deficit? when is it bad?

A

when you spend more on imports than you make on exports. Not so bad for large economies,but it can be a real problem for countries that don’t have a strong investment market or a way to off-set

53
Q

What happens in an export economy? Import?

A

Selling more –> more demand for access to your currency –> value of currency rises;
buying more,the more of your money on the market, more money available (less demand) –> value down

54
Q

How do countries monitor and manipulate the value of their currencies?

A

adjust taxes, interest rates, how much is printed

55
Q

What happens when a country prints too much money?

A

inflation –> value of money decreases/depreciates

56
Q

What happens (in terms of exporting) when a country’s dollar is strong?

A

exported goods are more expensive (hurts export economy) – bring value down

57
Q

Why is devaluing your country’s currency bad for the domestic consumer?

A

can’t afford as much

58
Q

Reserve currencies

A

holding dollars can help stabilize the economy when volatility is seen

International Affairs (2 decks)

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