INQUIRY Q3

Question 1

Messeger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 1

mRNA copies DNA’s code and carries the genetic information to the ribosomes.
* Long single straight chain of nucleotides, of 500 to 1000 nucleotides long.
* Made in nucleus.
* Carries the information for a specific protein.

Question 2

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 2

rRNA, along with protein, makes up the ribosomes.
* Singular strand, 100 to 3000 nucleotides long.
* Made in nucleus, site of protein synthesis.
* Ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into polypeptide chains that fold to form proteins.

Question 3

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 3

tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.
* Clover-lead shape, single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid.
* Opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon.

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

A DNA or RNA sequence of three nuceotide that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signalling the termination of protein synthesis.
* 20 amino acids, 64 possible codons
* Start codon: AUG (methionine)
* Stop codon: UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 5

Anticodon

Answer 5

An anticodon is the complementary to the 3 bases of a codon.
* if codon: ACU, anticodon: UGA

Question 6

Before Transcription

(events that have to occur in order for transcription to occur)

Answer 6

• Partial undwinding of the double helix must occur before transcription can take place.
• The region of opened-up DNA is caled a transcription bubble.