inorganic definitions

Question 1

relative atomic mass

Answer 1

weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12

Question 2

relative isotopic mass

Answer 2

the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 3

isotope

Answer 3

atoms of the same element with a different mass number (different number of neutrons) but the same atomic number (same number of protons)

Question 4

empirical formula

Answer 4

he simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 5

the mole

Answer 5

amount of substance that has the same number particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12

Question 6

molecular formula

Answer 6

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 7

salt

Answer 7

when the H+ ion in acid is replaced by a metal ion

Question 8

base

Answer 8

proton acceptor

Question 9

acid

Answer 9

proton donor

Question 10

alkali

Answer 10

a soluble base that releases OH- ions into solution

Question 11

.xH2O

Answer 11

number of waters of crystallization

Question 12

anhydrous

Answer 12

there are no waters of crystallization

Question 13

mean title

Answer 13

concordant results (same or within point one of each other, 0.10cm3 of each other)

Question 14

strong acid

Answer 14

completely dissociates in aqueous solution and releases all its H+ ions into solution

Question 15

weak acid

Answer 15

partially dissociates in aqueous solution

Question 16

standard solution

Answer 16

solution of the known concentration

Question 17

covalent bonding

Answer 17

strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 18

electronegativity

Answer 18

ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Answer 19

between an electronegative atom and H

Question 20

first ionization energy

Answer 20

energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form a 1+ charge

Question 21

metallic bonding

Answer 21

electrostatic force of attraction between negative delocalised electrons and positive metal ions

Question 22

standard conditions

Answer 22

100Kpa, 298K

1moldm-3 (in solution)

Question 23

complex ion

Answer 23

transition metal ions surrounded byby ligands in solution

Question 24

ligand

Answer 24

molecule or ion that forms a dative covalent bond by donating a pair of electrons to the central metal ion

Question 25

optical isomer

Answer 25

non superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 26

electrode potential

Answer 26

tendency of a half cell to lose or gain electrons

Question 27

electrochemical cell

Answer 27

when 2 different half cells are joined together

Question 28

standard electrode potential

Answer 28

the electromotive force of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half cell, measured at 298K with solution concentrations of 1moldm-3 and gas pressure of 100kpa

Question 29

standard enthalpy change of reaction

Answer 29

enthalpy change that accompanies a reaction in the molar quantities shown in a chemical equation under standard states

Question 30

enthalpy change of combustion

Answer 30

when 1 mole of a substance reacts completely with O2 under standard conditions

Question 31

enthalpy change of formation

Answer 31

one mole of substance is formed from its elements

Question 32

enthalpy change of neutralization

Answer 32

reaction of an acid and base to form 1 mole of water

Question 33

average bond enthalpy

Answer 33

average enthalpy change when one mole of bonds is broken

Question 34

enthalpy of atomization

Answer 34

endo - 1 mole of gaseous atoms is produced from an element in its standard state

Question 35

lattice enthalpy

Answer 35

1 mole of an ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions

Question 36

first ionization enthalpy

Answer 36

when 1 mole of gaseous atoms loses one mole of electrons to produce 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions - endo

Question 37

2nd ionization energy

Answer 37

when one mole of gaseous 1+ ions loses 1 mole of electrons to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions - endo

Question 38

first electron affinity

Answer 38

exo - when 1 mole of gaseous atoms gains 1 electron per atom to produce gaseous 1- ions

Question 39

second electron affinity

Answer 39

- endo when 1 mole of gaseous 1- ions gains 1 electron per ion to form 2- ions

Question 40

enthalpy of solution

Answer 40

one mole of ionic compound fully dissolved in water - endo or exo - exo= released - end= absorbed

Question 41

enthalpy of hydration

Answer 41

one mole of gaseous ions fully dissolve in water - exo: makes bonds with water