Inorganic Chemistry

Question 1

What are three characterists of the Alkali metals?

Answer 1

all have one electron in their outer shell
low density
stored under oil
are soft

Question 2

How do group 1 elements react with non-metals?

Answer 2

form ionic compounds wihch are soluble white solids which form colourless solutions

Question 3

How do group 1 elements react with water?

Answer 3

release hydrogen gas and form hydroxides which dissolve to form alkaline solutions

Question 4

State five characteristics of group 7

Answer 4

7 electrons in outer shell
coloured vapours
diatomic molecules
form ionic salts with metals
form molecular compounds with non-metals

Question 5

What is an oxidising agent?

Answer 5

a species that gets reduced in a redox reaction (gains electrons)
causes the oxidation of another substance

Question 6

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 6

a speices that gets oxidised in a redox reaction (loses electrons)
causes the reduction of another substance

Question 7

What are the flame test colours of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper?

Answer 7

lithium - crimson red
sodium - yellow-orange
potassium - lilac
calcium - orange-red
copper - blue-green

Question 8

What is oxidation?

Answer 8

the additon of oxygen to a substance

Question 9

What is reduction?

Answer 9

the loss of oxygen from a substance

Question 10

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 10

a reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a compound

Question 11

What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 11

acid + base –> salt + water

Question 12

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?

Answer 12

metal carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 13

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxide and acid?

Answer 13

metal oxide + acid –> salt + water

Question 14

How do you test for hydrogen?

Answer 14

‘pop’ heard when burning splint is placed over the gas

Question 15

How do you test for oxygen?

Answer 15

glowing splint relights

Question 16

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 16

turns limewater - calcium hydroxide milky

Question 17

How do you test for chlorine?

Answer 17

bleaches damp litmus paper and makes it white

Question 18

What are the results of Copper(II), Iron(II) and Iron(III) when sodium hydroxide is added?

Answer 18

copper(II) - blue precipitate
Iron(II) - green precipitate
Iron(III) - brown precipitate

Question 19

What are the results of adding sodium hydroxide to Aluminium, Calcium and magnesium?

Answer 19

form white precipitates

Question 20

Describe the test for carbonate anions

Answer 20

add dilute acid (such as HCl)

fizzing is observed

Question 21

What is the sulfate test?

Answer 21

add a solution containing barium cations

white precipitate of BaSO4 forms