Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
What are three characterists of the Alkali metals?
all have one electron in their outer shell
low density
stored under oil
are soft
How do group 1 elements react with non-metals?
form ionic compounds wihch are soluble white solids which form colourless solutions
How do group 1 elements react with water?
release hydrogen gas and form hydroxides which dissolve to form alkaline solutions
State five characteristics of group 7
7 electrons in outer shell coloured vapours diatomic molecules form ionic salts with metals form molecular compounds with non-metals
What is an oxidising agent?
a species that gets reduced in a redox reaction (gains electrons)
causes the oxidation of another substance
What is a reducing agent?
a speices that gets oxidised in a redox reaction (loses electrons)
causes the reduction of another substance
What are the flame test colours of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper?
lithium - crimson red sodium - yellow-orange potassium - lilac calcium - orange-red copper - blue-green
What is oxidation?
the additon of oxygen to a substance
What is reduction?
the loss of oxygen from a substance
What is a displacement reaction?
a reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a compound
What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?
acid + base –> salt + water
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?
metal carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxide and acid?
metal oxide + acid –> salt + water
How do you test for hydrogen?
‘pop’ heard when burning splint is placed over the gas
How do you test for oxygen?
glowing splint relights
How do you test for carbon dioxide?
turns limewater - calcium hydroxide milky
How do you test for chlorine?
bleaches damp litmus paper and makes it white
What are the results of Copper(II), Iron(II) and Iron(III) when sodium hydroxide is added?
copper(II) - blue precipitate
Iron(II) - green precipitate
Iron(III) - brown precipitate
What are the results of adding sodium hydroxide to Aluminium, Calcium and magnesium?
form white precipitates
Describe the test for carbonate anions
add dilute acid (such as HCl)
fizzing is observed
What is the sulfate test?
add a solution containing barium cations
white precipitate of BaSO4 forms
