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Science Access Course > Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Melting

A

Solid to Liquid

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Particles that have 2 or more different types of atoms chemically bonded/The smallest
particle in a compound

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3
Q

Will a sodium atom be larger, smaller or the same size as a magnesium atom?

A

Larger
Sodium has one less electron in the valence/outer shell or Magnesium has one extra electron in its outer
shell
Extra electron will cause the valence shell to be more attracted to the nucleus and will be pulled inwards
towards the nucleus

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4
Q

Types of Antioxidants

A 
Lycopene
Beta-carotene
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Lutein
Lignan
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5
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to a Liquid

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6
Q

Free Radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron
Created by homolytic cleavage
The unpaired electron makes the free radical extremely reactive
•It is also unstable
•This reactivity is central to their behaviour and makes them extremely dangerous

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7
Q

In Acid Base Pairs

A

Acid donates H
Base receives H
HCL - Acid CL - Base
H2O - Acid OH - Base

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8
Q

Gases (2)

A

Arrangement: No fixed arrangement, particles are not touching with large spaces between them
Degree of Movement: Large degree of movement. Particles move very quickly and collide and bounce away from each other.

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9
Q

Will a potassium ion be larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium atom? (3)

A

Smaller
It has one less shell
Due to losing its valence electron

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10
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Metal and non-metal
Total transfer of electrons
Stronger than Covalent

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11
Q

What is the smallest part of a Compond

A

Molecule

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12
Q

Define a Compound

A

A substance that consists of 1 type of molecule/ A substance with a particle that has 2 or
more different types of atoms chemically bonded

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13
Q

Isotope (2)

A

Atoms with the same number of protons / proton number and different numbers of neutrons

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14
Q

Solids (2)

A

Arrangement: Particles are close together/touching and in a fixed pattern/arrangement
Degree of Movement: Very little, the particles vibrate on the spot

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15
Q

Neutralisation

A

When an acid and base react forming water and a salt

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16
Q

What is the smallest part of an Element

A

Atom

17
Q

Liquids (2)

A

Arrangement: Particles are touching but no fixed arrangement/particles arrange themselves to fit the
shape of the container
Degree of Movement: More than a solid, particles roll around each other

18
Q

Valency

A

The number of shells in the outer electron shell indicates valency
The number of electrons that need to be won or lost to become stable

19
Q

OILRIG

A

Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain

of Electrons

20
Q

Dative Bonds

A

An outer shell pair of electrons in the outer shell of one atom overlaps an empty outer shell of another atom (NH4+)

21
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to Solid

22
Q

Electronegativity (2)

A

Ability/power of an atom/element/nucleus to draw electrons toward itself (1)
from a covalent bond or a shared pair of electrons

23
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Non-metal and Non-metal
Sharing of electrons
Strong

24
Q

Dispersion forces

A

Very short-lived (1)
Stabilise hydrophobic interactions (1)
Operate over only very short distances (1)
Weakest non-covalent interaction (1)

25
Q

Antioxidant

A
  • Propagation can be inhibited by a group of molecules called antioxidants
  • Antioxidants prevent oxidation associated with free radicals by quenching their activity
  • Antioxidant quenching properties stem from their lack of reactivity after becoming a free radical themselves
  • They do notpropagate further free radical reactions
26
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

A

Chemical properties depend on the number of outer shell electrons

27
Q

Vapourization

A

Liquid to Gas

28
Q

Mixture

A

A substance consists of two more different types of elements and compounds that are not chemically bonded

29
Q

Will a sodium atom be larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium atom?

A

Smaller
Potassium has an extra shell
Potassium’s outer shell is less attracted to the nucleus (as it’s further away)

30
Q

Define an Element

A

A substance that consists of only 1 type of atom

31
Q

Ion

A

An atom which has lost or gained an electron/A charged particle

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