Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
Melting
Solid to Liquid
Molecule
Particles that have 2 or more different types of atoms chemically bonded/The smallest
particle in a compound
Will a sodium atom be larger, smaller or the same size as a magnesium atom?
Larger
Sodium has one less electron in the valence/outer shell or Magnesium has one extra electron in its outer
shell
Extra electron will cause the valence shell to be more attracted to the nucleus and will be pulled inwards
towards the nucleus
Types of Antioxidants
Lycopene Beta-carotene Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin E Lutein Lignan
Condensation
Gas to a Liquid
Free Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Created by homolytic cleavage
The unpaired electron makes the free radical extremely reactive
•It is also unstable
•This reactivity is central to their behaviour and makes them extremely dangerous
In Acid Base Pairs
Acid donates H
Base receives H
HCL - Acid CL - Base
H2O - Acid OH - Base
Gases (2)
Arrangement: No fixed arrangement, particles are not touching with large spaces between them
Degree of Movement: Large degree of movement. Particles move very quickly and collide and bounce away from each other.
Will a potassium ion be larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium atom? (3)
Smaller
It has one less shell
Due to losing its valence electron
Ionic Bond
Metal and non-metal
Total transfer of electrons
Stronger than Covalent
What is the smallest part of a Compond
Molecule
Define a Compound
A substance that consists of 1 type of molecule/ A substance with a particle that has 2 or
more different types of atoms chemically bonded
Isotope (2)
Atoms with the same number of protons / proton number and different numbers of neutrons
Solids (2)
Arrangement: Particles are close together/touching and in a fixed pattern/arrangement
Degree of Movement: Very little, the particles vibrate on the spot
Neutralisation
When an acid and base react forming water and a salt
What is the smallest part of an Element
Atom
Liquids (2)
Arrangement: Particles are touching but no fixed arrangement/particles arrange themselves to fit the
shape of the container
Degree of Movement: More than a solid, particles roll around each other
Valency
The number of shells in the outer electron shell indicates valency
The number of electrons that need to be won or lost to become stable
OILRIG
Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain
of Electrons
Dative Bonds
An outer shell pair of electrons in the outer shell of one atom overlaps an empty outer shell of another atom (NH4+)
Freezing
Liquid to Solid
Electronegativity (2)
Ability/power of an atom/element/nucleus to draw electrons toward itself (1)
from a covalent bond or a shared pair of electrons
Covalent Bond
Non-metal and Non-metal
Sharing of electrons
Strong
Dispersion forces
Very short-lived (1)
Stabilise hydrophobic interactions (1)
Operate over only very short distances (1)
Weakest non-covalent interaction (1)
Antioxidant
- Propagation can be inhibited by a group of molecules called antioxidants
- Antioxidants prevent oxidation associated with free radicals by quenching their activity
- Antioxidant quenching properties stem from their lack of reactivity after becoming a free radical themselves
- They do notpropagate further free radical reactions
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Chemical properties depend on the number of outer shell electrons
Vapourization
Liquid to Gas
Mixture
A substance consists of two more different types of elements and compounds that are not chemically bonded
Will a sodium atom be larger, smaller or the same size as a potassium atom?
Smaller
Potassium has an extra shell
Potassium’s outer shell is less attracted to the nucleus (as it’s further away)
Define an Element
A substance that consists of only 1 type of atom
Ion
An atom which has lost or gained an electron/A charged particle
