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inorganic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

how do group one metals react with water (Li, Na, K)

A

vigorously
produce hydrogen
form metal hydroxide solution (alkaline)
metal +water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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2
Q

how do group one metals react with oxygen in air (Li, Na, K)

A

form metal oxides

this is why they tarnish when left in air (form layer of metal oxide)

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3
Q

explain the trend in reactivity in group 1

A

gets more reactive as you go down because:
1) the distance from the nucleus (where the positive charge is) and the outermost electron increases
2) there is more shielding
3) both these things outweigh the increase in the number of protons in the nucleus
therefore it is easier to lose the outermost electron

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4
Q

describe the trend in physical properties of group 7 elements

A

as you go down they get darker and have higher boiling points (so at top light gases and at bottom dark solids)

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5
Q

what colour and state is Cl at room temperature

A

green gas (poisonous)

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6
Q

what colour and state is Br at room temperature

A

red-brown liquid, gives off orange vapour at room temp (poisonous)

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7
Q

what colour and state is l at room temperature

A

dark grey crystalline solid, gives of purple vapour when heated

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8
Q

explain the chemical trends in group 7 elements

A

as you go down, they get less reactive because:
1) the atomic radius increases
2) there is greater shielding
3) both these things outweigh the increase in the number of protons in the nucleus
therefore it is harder to attract an electron

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9
Q

describe displacement reactions with halogens

A

more reactive halogens displace less reactive ones from a compound

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10
Q

what makes up air

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% argon
0.04% co2

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11
Q

decsribe the thermal decompostion of metal carbonates

A

metal carbonate -> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

eg: copper carbonate (green powder) -> copper oxide (black) + co2

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12
Q

list the reactivity series

A 
K
Na
Li
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Cu
Ag
Au
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13
Q

what is the reaction of metals with acids

A

acid +metal -> salt + hydrogen

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14
Q

what is the reaction of metals with water

A

reactive metals: metal+ water-> metal hydroxide+ hydrogen

less reactive: metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

what is the word equation for rusting

A

iron +water-> hydrated iron(iii)oxide (rust)

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16
Q

what is oxidation

A

the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen

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17
Q

what is reduction

A

the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen

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18
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

where reduction and oxidation happen simultaneosly

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19
Q

what is an oxidising agent

A

accepts the electron; gets reduced

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20
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

donates the electron; gets oxidised

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21
Q

what colour is litmus in acid/alkali

A

red= acid; purple=neutral; blue= alkali

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22
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in acid/alkali

A

colourless= acid; pink= alkali

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23
Q

what colour is methyl orange in acid/alkali

A

red= acid; yellow= alkali

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24
Q

what is an acid

A

a source of H+ IONS (proton donors)

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25
Q

what is an alkali

A

a soluble base; source of OH- ions ( proton acceptors)

26
Q

which ions make soluble ionic compounds

A

sodium, potassium, ammonium

27
Q

are nitrates soluble

A

yes

28
Q

are cholrides soluble

A

yes, except silver and lead ii

29
Q

are sulfates soluble

A

yes, except barium, calcium, lead

30
Q

are carbonates soluble

A

no, except na, k, nh4

31
Q

are hydroxides soluble

A

no, except na, k, nh4 (and Ca(OH)2 IS SLIGHTLY soluble)

32
Q

make a soluble salt

A 
react an acid with an insoluble base 
heat acid in water bath
add base
stop adding when solid stays at bottom
filter out excess solid
heat gently then leave to crystalise
33
Q

test for oxygen

A

relights glowing splint

34
Q

test for H

A

makes a squeaky pop with a lit splint

35
Q

test for co2

A

turns limewater cloudy

36
Q

ammonia test

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue + smells

37
Q

Test for chlorine

A

bleaches damp blue litmus paper (turns white)

38
Q

flame test for Li+

A

red

39
Q

flame test for Na+

A

yellow

40
Q

flame test for K+

A

lilac

41
Q

flame test for Ca2+

A

orange-red

42
Q

flame test for Cu2+

A

blue green

43
Q

test for NH4+

A

add sodium hydroxide then test for ammonia gas (damp red litmus goes blue)

44
Q

test for Cu2+

A

add sodium hydroxide and BLUE PRECIPITATE forms

45
Q

test for Fe2+

A

add sodium hydroxide and SLUDGY GREEN PRECIPITATE forms

46
Q

test for Fe3+

A

add sodium hydroxide and RED/BROWN PRECIPITATE forms

47
Q

test for Cl-

A

add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution: white precipitate

48
Q

test for Br-

A

add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution: cream precipitate

49
Q

test for I-

A

add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution: yellow precipitate

50
Q

test for water

A

anhydrous copper sulfate = white; hydrated copper sulfate= blue

51
Q

test for pure water

A

boils at 100 degrees celcius

52
Q

Describe how to carry out an acid alkali titration ( with known volume of acid)

A

Using a Pipette and Pipette filler, add 25 cm3 of alkali to a conical flask with some indicator
Fill a burette with the acid
Add the acid to the alkali slowly, swirling it regularly
When the colour changes record the volume
Repeat until you get the same result

53
Q

How to make an insoluble salt

A

Pick two soluble salts
Eg to make lead Sulfate, use lead nitrate and magnesium Sulfate
Dissolve equal amounts of each salt in pure water
Mix the two solutions and stir
Filter out the precipitate
Wash and dry

54
Q

How to make a soluble salt using titration

A

Using a Pipette and Pipette filler, add 25 cm3 of alkali to a conical flask with some indicator
Fill a burette with the acid
Add the acid to the alkali slowly, swirling it regularly
When the colour changes record the volume
Repeat without the indicator
Evaporate off some of the water
Leave to crystallise
Filter off the solid
Dry it

55
Q

How to make a soluble salt (not titration)

A

Use acid + insoluble base
Heat the acid in a water bath (in a fume cupboard)
Add the base to the acid until in excess (when solid is left)
Filter off the excess solid
Heat solution gently
Leave to cool and crystallise
Filter and dry

56
Q

What colour flame does sulfur burn with

A

Blue

57
Q

What happens to HCL in water

A

Disassociates into H+ ions and CL- ions

Litmus turns red

58
Q

What happens to HCL in methylbenzene

A

Doesn’t disassociate

Litmus stays blue

59
Q

Name an iron ore

A

Haematite

Magnetite

60
Q

How does limestone remove the impurity silica from a furnace

A

Limestone (calcium carbonate) decomposes to form CaO

CaO reacts with silica to form calcium silicate

61
Q

Describe how aluminium is extracted from purified aluminium oxide

A 
Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis
Aluminium added to cryolite
Electrolyte molten
Carbon/graphite electrodes used
Aluminium ions discharged/ aluminium formed at cathode

chemistry gcse (4 decks)

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