Inorganic 2 Definitions

Question 1

What is a complex ion?

Answer 1

central metal atom with ligands attached by coordinate covalent bonds

Question 2

Gives examples of ligands

Answer 2

water, ammonia, chloride

Question 3

What is a coordinate covalent bond (dative) ?

Answer 3

a type of covalent bond where both electrons come from the same atom

Question 4

How do you determine the charge of a complex?

Answer 4

Combine the charge of the central metal and the charges of the ligands

Question 5

What is a coordination number? What are the most common coordination numbers?

Answer 5

the number of dative bonds to the central metal ion; the most common are 6 and 4

Question 6

How is the shape of a complex determined?

Answer 6

by the coordination number

Question 7

What are the shapes of the complexes with the coordination numbers 6, 4, and 2?

Answer 7

6 is octahedral, 4 is square planar or tetrahedral, 2 is linear

Question 8

What is enthalpy?

Answer 8

the energy required to make a system: the internal energy plus the energy of volume (H=U+ p*V)

Question 9

What is enthalpy change of solution? What does it depend on?

Answer 9

overall amount of heat that is released or absorbed during the dissolving process; it depends on the intermolecular forces of the solute and the solvent

Question 10

What is standard enthalpy of formation?

Answer 10

the change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 molar compound to form from its constituent elements under standard conditions

Question 11

What is hydration?

Answer 11

the dissolving process when water is used as solvent

Question 12

What is lattice energy?

Answer 12

the energy required to break apart an ionic solid

Question 13

What is enthalpy of solvation?

Answer 13

the energy released when 1 mole solid is dissolved in a solvent

Question 14

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 14

an equation describing the relationship between the pressure and solubility of a gas C=kP

Question 15

What is vapour pressure?

Answer 15

the pressure exerted by a vapour that is in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system

Question 16

What is an ideal solution and what is a real solution?

Answer 16

an ideal solution is a solution that follows Raoult’s law while a real solution does not follow it

Question 17

What is Raoult’s law?

Answer 17

law stating that the vapor pressure of an ideal solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent

Question 18

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 18

this is the law of partial pressures, it states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases, is equal to the sum of partial pressures of the component gases

Question 19

What makes up the composition of air?

Answer 19

Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (1%)

Question 20

What is ppm?

Answer 20

stands for parts per million, used to quantify very small amounts of solute in solvent; mass of component in solution divided by the total mass of the solution multiplied by 10^6

Question 21

What is decompression sickness?

Answer 21

also called divers disease.. condition that happens when the pressure around you rapidly decreases. in the compressed air that divers breathe, your body uses up oxygen while nitrogen dissolves in your blood; when water pressure around you decreases too rapidly the nitrogen separates out of your blood and forms bubbles in your blood or tissues

Question 22

What is artificial air?

Answer 22

the air used by divers; mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and helium because pure oxygen becomes toxic at depth

Question 23

What is boiling point?

Answer 23

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is at equilibrium with it’s external pressure surrounding the liquid; liquid has phase shift and evaporates

Question 24

What is freezing point?

Answer 24

temperature where the solid phase and liquid phase exist at equilibrium

Question 25

What is a colligative property?

Answer 25

physical property that only depends on the concentration of solute particles in an amount of solvent (identity doesn’t matter)

Question 26

What must be taken into account when understanding the number of particles present in a solution?

Answer 26

the concentration of the solute, whether or not the solute dissociates into ions, osmolarity, and