Inorg lab Flashcards
In science, a measurement is the assignment
of a numerical value to an objects’ physical
property
Measures of SI system
standardized amounts of
various physical quantities
Unit of measure
is the
international system of measure used by
scientists
______
SI system (System International)
refers to how close something is to
the target or actual using a target value
Accuracy
refers to how consistent our results
are regardless of how close to the true value
they are using our target
Precision
Properties of matter that
can be observed or measured without trying to
change the composition of the matter being
studied. (observed and measured without
changing chemical identity: color, length, volume
and opacity)
Physical Properties
properties that matter
demonstrates when attempts are made to
change it into new substances.(observed and
measured as sample changes chemical identity:
acidity, reactivity, flammability, toxicity).
Chemical Properties
The earliest units used for
measurements were based on the
dimensions of the human body.
(ex: 1 foot = length of an important
person’s foot)
Standardized Units of Measurement
In _____ an international agreement
established SI units (after the French
Systeme International d’Unites) in an
attempt to further standardize scientific
measurements.
1960
in a measurement
include all the digits that are known, plus a last
digit that is estimated.
Significant Figures
A ratio of two different units, used
as a multiplier to change from one system or unit to
another.
Conversion Factor
Defined by setting the normal
freezing point of water ate 32°F and the normal
boiling point of water at 212°F.
Fahrenheit (F)
Defined by setting the normal freezing
point of water at 0°C adn the normal boiling point of
water at 100°C.
Celsius (C)
Zero is the lowest possible temperature
Kelvin (K)
Kelvin is also called as?
Absolute scale
The ratio of mass to volume
Density
the most commonly used units are _/__ for liquids
and solids, __/__for gasses.
g/mL
g/L
are gas burners
which provide sufficient flexibility for most
heating operations in the laboratory.
Bunsen Burner or Tirril burner
The three principal parts of the burner are
barrel/burner tube
air hole
base
The
quantity of gas admitted to the burner can be
adjusted by the
Gas control Valve
The air
is controlled by turning the ______ so as to make
the air hole larger or smaller.
collar
Combustion occurs in the
Barrel
three types of laboratory burners
Bunsen burner
Tirrill burner
Meker burner
The curve of water in a test tube. Where you measure the volume water
Meniscus
is a chemical
reaction of two liquid substances resulting in the
formation of solid particles.
Precipitation
The solid particles in precipitation
Precipitate
In the laboratory, dilute solutions are
more often used than concentrated solutions.
is prepared from a concentrated
solution by mixing an aliquot portion of the
concentrated solution with distilled water.
Dilution
is prepared from a concentrated
solution by mixing an aliquot portion of the
concentrated solution with distilled water.
Dilution water
In the laboratory, Which is more often used? dilute solutions or concentrated solutions
Dilute solution
Separation Techniques
Sedimentation
Decantation
Filtration
Centrifugation
Evaporation
Distillation
the process of allowing heavy
particles to settle out of the suspension under
the influence of gravity.
Sedimentation
The solid portion that is
collected at the bottom of the container
Sediments
the process of separation of
liquid from solid and other immiscible
(non-mixing) liquids by slowly pouring the liquid
layer at the top of the mixture into another
container. This technique is applicable in
separating heterogeneous mixtures.
Decantation
separation technique used to
separate a solid substance such as a precipitate
from the liquid in an insoluble solid-liquid
mixture.
Filtration
a laboratory
technique that can be used to separate mixtures
that cannot be separated by filtration.
separation technique based
on the differences of densities of particles in the
mixture by means of centrifugal force.
Centrifugation
separation
technique that can be used to separate soluble
solids in water. The technique is based on the
difference in volatility of the solute and the
solvent in the mixture. When a substance is
volatile, it evaporates easily. Mixtures such as a
salt solution can be separated into pure water
and salt by means of evaporation. Water
evaporates at a lower temperature as compared
to table salt (NaCl).
Evaporation
the technique of
heating a liquid to create vapor which is
collected when cooled to separate from the
original solution.
is based on the
difference in boiling points or volatility of the
components in the mixture.
For example, in the
salt-water mixture, water is volatile while salt is
non-volatile. Heating will cause water in the salt
solution to boil while salt remains in the solution
Distillation
