Cells Flashcards
3 Basic parts of Eukaryotic cell
- Nucleus
2.Cytoplasm
3.Cell membrane
Components of a cell membrane
1.Phospholipids
2.Proteins
3.Carbogydrates
4.Cholesterol
-1 double layer
-2 amphiphilic
-Lipids that are present in the plasma membrane
-Made up of fatty acid building blocks
Phospholipids
Peripheral and integral
- a large molecule made from chains of amino acids, which are the subunits of protein molecules.
Proteins
The HEAD of the phospholipids is?
Hydrophilic
Hydrophilic means?
Water loving
The TAIL of phospholipids is?
Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic means?
Water fear
Function of Membrane Proteins (6)
1.Intercellular Joinings
2.Enzymatic activity
3. Transport (active/Passive)
4.Cell-Cell recognition
5.Anchorage / attachment
6.Signal Transduction
third major component of plasma membranes. They are always found on the exterior surface of cells and are bound either to proteins (forming glycoproteins) or to lipids (forming glycolipids).
Carbohydrates
help stabilize the membrane.
Cholesterol
Why is it called a Fluid Mosaic Model
because the cell membrane is made of different parts working together, like a mosaic is made of many tiles.
-Doubled layered membrane
-has tiny holes and nuclear lamina
-Disintegrates during cell division
Nuclear envelope
-Mass of DNA and its associated proteins
-Chromatin fibers takes on different forms inside the nucleus
Chromatin or Chromosomes
2 Categories of Chromatin
1.Euchromatin
2.Heterochromatin
small structure of sex chromatin found on the edge of the nucleus
Barr Body
Positive barr body indicates?
Female Sex
Negative barr body indicates?
Male Sex
a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes
Nucleolus
Network of flattened sacs and branching tubules
Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Smooth ER
-Rough ER
-Synthesis of lipids substances
-Connected to the nuclear envelope
Smooth ER
-composed of ribosomes involved in the synthesis of protein
-Provides pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Rough ER
-Comprised of cisternae
-Distribution and shipping department for the cells chemical products
-Modifies proteins and lipids and prepares them for export.
-Protein packaging plant
Golgi Apparatus
-Rod shaped organelles
-The power house of the cell
-2 lipid bilayer protein membrane
Mitochondria
-infolding of the inner membrane
cristae
-which has more mitochondria Cardiomyocytes or adipocytes?
cardiomyocytes
considered various nutrients or pigments that can be found within the cell, but do not have activity like other organelles
Cell Inclusions
long term storage unit of glucose within the cell
Glycogens
3 cell for pigments
1.Melanin
2.Lipofuscin
3.Hemosiderin
Brown Pigment in hair and skin and contained in melanosomes
Melanin
Melanin are produced by specialized cell called
Melanocytes
Often appears as a brown-yellow color that can be auto fluorescents and accumulates over time
Lipofuscin
Lipofuscin is also called
Age pigment
-Brown pigment that contains iron
-Excessive _________ accumulation may indicate an increase in hemolysis of RBC
Hemosiderin
-digestion compartment for cellular materials that are no longer useful
-spherical organelles contained by a single layer
Lysosomes
-Recycle the cells organic materials
Autophagy
Contains variety of enzymes like catalase which primarily function to get rid of the cell of toxic substances, and in particular hydrogen peroxide
Perixisomes
common by product of cellular metabolism
Hydrogen peroxide
-found only in animals cell
-Located together near the nucleus in the centrosome
Centrioles
-centrioles are duplicated, centrosomes divides and pairs are split up
Interphase
Gives structure and shape to the cell
Cytoskeleton
Serve as the conveyor belt ,moving other organelles components of cilia and flagella
Microtubules
help to generate forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movements
Microfilaments
Function as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity.
Intermediate to filaments
Functional unit of life
All chemical reaction necessary for the maintenance and reproduction of life takes place
cell
Examined thin slices of cork and saw a network of tiny boxlike compartments
Robert hooke
“Cells”; “Cellula” meaning “Little room”
Micrographia
“All plant tissue are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant always arises from a single cell”
Matthias Schleiden”
-All organism consist of one or more cells
-“The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms”
Theodor Schwann
“Cells arise only by the division of other preexisting cells”
Rudolf Virchow
Cell theory
1.All organisms are consist of one or more cell
2. Cells is the smallest unit of life of all living organism
3.All cell arise only by division of preexisting cell
Deals with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology and life history of cells
cytology
living substance of the cells
Protoplasm
2 compartments of protoplasm
Cytoplasm
Karyoplasm
where the organelles are suspended
cytoplasm
makes up the nucleus
karyoplasm
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic
has flagella (tail) and pili (hair, for conjugation)
Prokaryotic
