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Zoology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

3 Basic parts of Eukaryotic cell

A
  1. Nucleus
    2.Cytoplasm
    3.Cell membrane
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2
Q

Components of a cell membrane

A

1.Phospholipids
2.Proteins
3.Carbogydrates
4.Cholesterol

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3
Q

-1 double layer
-2 amphiphilic
-Lipids that are present in the plasma membrane
-Made up of fatty acid building blocks

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

Peripheral and integral
- a large molecule made from chains of amino acids, which are the subunits of protein molecules.

A

Proteins

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5
Q

The HEAD of the phospholipids is?

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

Hydrophilic means?

A

Water loving

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7
Q

The TAIL of phospholipids is?

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

Hydrophobic means?

A

Water fear

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9
Q

Function of Membrane Proteins (6)

A

1.Intercellular Joinings
2.Enzymatic activity
3. Transport (active/Passive)
4.Cell-Cell recognition
5.Anchorage / attachment
6.Signal Transduction

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10
Q

third major component of plasma membranes. They are always found on the exterior surface of cells and are bound either to proteins (forming glycoproteins) or to lipids (forming glycolipids).

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

help stabilize the membrane.

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

Why is it called a Fluid Mosaic Model

A

because the cell membrane is made of different parts working together, like a mosaic is made of many tiles.

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13
Q

-Doubled layered membrane
-has tiny holes and nuclear lamina
-Disintegrates during cell division

A

Nuclear envelope

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14
Q

-Mass of DNA and its associated proteins
-Chromatin fibers takes on different forms inside the nucleus

A

Chromatin or Chromosomes

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15
Q

2 Categories of Chromatin

A

1.Euchromatin
2.Heterochromatin

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16
Q

small structure of sex chromatin found on the edge of the nucleus

A

Barr Body

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17
Q

Positive barr body indicates?

A

Female Sex

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18
Q

Negative barr body indicates?

A

Male Sex

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19
Q

a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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20
Q

Network of flattened sacs and branching tubules

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

2 kinds of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

-Smooth ER
-Rough ER

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22
Q

-Synthesis of lipids substances
-Connected to the nuclear envelope

A

Smooth ER

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23
Q

-composed of ribosomes involved in the synthesis of protein
-Provides pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

A

Rough ER

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24
Q

-Comprised of cisternae
-Distribution and shipping department for the cells chemical products
-Modifies proteins and lipids and prepares them for export.
-Protein packaging plant

A

Golgi Apparatus

25
Q

-Rod shaped organelles
-The power house of the cell
-2 lipid bilayer protein membrane

A

Mitochondria

26
Q

-infolding of the inner membrane

A

cristae

27
Q

-which has more mitochondria Cardiomyocytes or adipocytes?

A

cardiomyocytes

28
Q

considered various nutrients or pigments that can be found within the cell, but do not have activity like other organelles

A

Cell Inclusions

29
Q

long term storage unit of glucose within the cell

A

Glycogens

30
Q

3 cell for pigments

A

1.Melanin
2.Lipofuscin
3.Hemosiderin

31
Q

Brown Pigment in hair and skin and contained in melanosomes

A

Melanin

32
Q

Melanin are produced by specialized cell called

A

Melanocytes

33
Q

Often appears as a brown-yellow color that can be auto fluorescents and accumulates over time

A

Lipofuscin

34
Q

Lipofuscin is also called

A

Age pigment

35
Q

-Brown pigment that contains iron
-Excessive _________ accumulation may indicate an increase in hemolysis of RBC

A

Hemosiderin

36
Q

-digestion compartment for cellular materials that are no longer useful
-spherical organelles contained by a single layer

A

Lysosomes

37
Q

-Recycle the cells organic materials

A

Autophagy

38
Q

Contains variety of enzymes like catalase which primarily function to get rid of the cell of toxic substances, and in particular hydrogen peroxide

A

Perixisomes

39
Q

common by product of cellular metabolism

A

Hydrogen peroxide

40
Q

-found only in animals cell
-Located together near the nucleus in the centrosome

A

Centrioles

41
Q

-centrioles are duplicated, centrosomes divides and pairs are split up

A

Interphase

42
Q

Gives structure and shape to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

43
Q

Serve as the conveyor belt ,moving other organelles components of cilia and flagella

A

Microtubules

44
Q

help to generate forces used in cellular contraction and basic cell movements

A

Microfilaments

45
Q

Function as tension-bearing elements to help maintain cell shape and rigidity.

A

Intermediate to filaments

46
Q

Functional unit of life
All chemical reaction necessary for the maintenance and reproduction of life takes place

A

cell

47
Q

Examined thin slices of cork and saw a network of tiny boxlike compartments

A

Robert hooke

48
Q

“Cells”; “Cellula” meaning “Little room”

A

Micrographia

49
Q

“All plant tissue are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant always arises from a single cell”

A

Matthias Schleiden”

50
Q

-All organism consist of one or more cells
-“The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms”

A

Theodor Schwann

51
Q

“Cells arise only by the division of other preexisting cells”

A

Rudolf Virchow

52
Q

Cell theory

A

1.All organisms are consist of one or more cell
2. Cells is the smallest unit of life of all living organism
3.All cell arise only by division of preexisting cell

53
Q

Deals with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology and life history of cells

A

cytology

54
Q

living substance of the cells

A

Protoplasm

55
Q

2 compartments of protoplasm

A

Cytoplasm
Karyoplasm

56
Q

where the organelles are suspended

A

cytoplasm

57
Q

makes up the nucleus

A

karyoplasm

58
Q

membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic

59
Q

has flagella (tail) and pili (hair, for conjugation)

A

Prokaryotic

Zoology (7 decks)

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