INORG Flashcards
An antique capillary tube is submitted to the National Museum. The said tube,
fixed horizontally in its display case, contains a 10 cm air column, being blocked by an 8 cm column of mercury
towards the open end of the tube. What will be the length of the air column when
the tube is fixed vertically with the open end down, assuming that the pressure prior to changing its orientation is 1
atm?
A. 9.0 cm
B. 10.1 cm
C. 11.2 cm
D: 12.3 cm
C. 11.2 cm
1 atm = 76 cmHg
P2 + 8 cmHg = 76 cmHg
P2 = 68 cmHg
P1L1 = P2L2
(76)(10) = (68)(L2)
L2 = 11.2 cm
A certain gas confined in a cylinder by a piston, where the initial pressure in the system is 7 bar and the volume is 0.11 cubic meter. The piston is held in place by latches and the apparatus is in vacuum. Determine the change in energy when the latches are removed suddenly and
the gas expands to double its initial volume and the piston strikes the latches at the end of the process.
A: 1.54 kJ
B: 0.77 kJ
C: 0.59 kJ
D: No change
D: No change
- A traveler is exploring various
locations in the Philippines. During one of her journeys, she realized that she forgot to boil the eggs beforehand. She
knows that the average time to boil an egg, under 1 bar, is 3 minutes. If she can boil all of the eggs at the same time, where should she boil the eggs if she can only stop in each location for no more than 3 minutes?
A: Jaro, Iloilo
B: Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
C: Tagum, Davao
D: Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija
A: Jaro, Iloilo
increase in elevation —> low pressure, decrease BP, increase cooking time
Determine the partial pressure of oxygen in Siquijor at an altitude of 0.37 km when the air pressure is at 745 torr
at ambient temperature of 28 degree Celsius
A: 150 Torr
B: 565 Torr
C: 715 Torr
D: 835 Torr
A: 150 Torr
Molecular Formula of Chlorophyll
C55 H72 Mg N4 O5
Sambong Leaves from Zamboanga del Sur were collected by the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development in
order to extract the Chlorophyll from it. What is the %weight of Nitrogen in the
Chlorophyll samples?
A: 2.72%
B: 6.27%
C: 8.77%
D: 9.22%
B: 6.27%
What is the empirical formula of the Human DNA?
A: C31H52O34N18P6
B: C37H46O21N10P7
C: C34H55O36N19P2
D: C39H50O22N15P3
D: C39H50O22N15P3
Which among the following polymers is the most suitable in creating the most effective bulletproof vest?
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber
aka. UHWMPE
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Less effective bulletproof vest than polyethylene fiber
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber
Polyamide Fiber (Kevlar)
Components of polyamide fiber
TPA and 1,4-diaminobenzene
polymer used as bulletproof window
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber
Polycarbonate fiber
monomer of polycarbonate
diethyl carbonate
Catalyst for polycarbonate fiber
Bisphenol-A
-also used in aluminum cans to avoid corrosion
- has been phased out. Most commonly used now is Bisphenol F
used for plexiglass, lucites, acrylites production
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
B: Polyamide Fiber
C: Polycarbonate Fiber
D: Polyethylene Fiber
A: Polymethacrylate Fiber
A research conducted by the DOST requires 20 mL of Copper(II) Nitrate solution. Copper fillings were dissolved
using a minute amount concentrated nitric acid. The reaction that occurred is as
follows:
__ Cu(s) + __ HNO3(aq) –>
__ Cu(NO3)2(aq) + __ H2O(l) + __ NO(g)
Which set of coefficients balances the
above reaction?
A:2,4,7,2,3
B: 1,3,1,6,9
C:3,8,3,4,2
D: 2,5,6,3,1
C:3,8,3,4,2
An unmarked container for an organic compound is meant for waste disposal. To properly dispose the compound, samples of it were tested in various ways to gather
data that would divulge its identity. The results of the tests are as follows:
[1] – 0.10 g of the compound gave 0.0756 g of water and 0.2882 g of carbon dioxide
[2] – 0.20 g of the compound was able to produce 21.8 mL of nitrogen at 15 deg C and 760 mmHg
[3] – 0.125 g of platinum remained after 0.40 g of the platinichloride of the
compound was ignited
Assuming the compound is a monoacid organic base, What is its molecular formula?
A: C2H9N3
B: C5H4N3
C: CH3N2
D: C7H9N
D: C7H9N
Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:
Law of Conservation of Mass
Antoine Lavoisier
Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:
Law of Definite Proportions
Joseph Louis Proust
Fundamental Laws of Chemistry:
Law of Multiple Proportions
John Dalton
denotes the ratio at which atoms of a molecule are bonded
Empirical Formula
actual no. of each atom in a molecule
Molecular Formula
Which subatomic particle gives the identity of an element?
A: Proton
B: Electron
C: Neutron
D: A and B
A: Proton
To which subatomic particle does each statement refer to:
(a.) Has a positive charge
(b.) Cannot be found inside the nucleus
(c.) Has the smallest mass
(d.) Has a neutral charge
A: Electron, Neutron, Electron, Proton
B: Proton, Electron, Electron, Neutron
C: Neutron, Proton, Neutron, Electron
D: Proton, Electron, Neutron, Proton
B: Proton, Electron, Electron, Neutron
Who discovered electrons? How?
JJ Thomson
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
Who discovered Protons? How?
Ernest Rutherford
(JJ Thomson’s student)
Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
Who discovered neutrons? How?
James Chadwick
bombarding Berrylium with alpha particles from radioactive decay of polonium
Who coined the word electron
George Stoney
conducted the oil drop experiment
Robert Millikan
Plum Pudding Model
JJ Thomson
Geiger Marsden Experiment
Rutherford’s students
Bohr Model
Niels Bohr
- Which among the following statements regarding Classical Physics and Quantum
Theory is TRUE?
I – Robert Bunsen proposed that Energy, like matter, is discontinuous.
II – Quantum Theory places no limitation on the amount of energy that a system may
possess.
III – The energy of a quantum of
electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the frequency of the radiation.
A:I,II
B:II,III
C: II only
D. III only
D. III only
A piece of Calcium metal is shined with a light of wavelength 345 nm. The
photoelectric work function of calcium is 4.34x10-19 J. What is the speed of the
ejected electron?
A: 2.25x10^5 m/s
B: 4.05x10^5 m/s
C: 5.70x10^5 m/s
D: 6.55x10^5 m/s
A: 2.25x10^5 m/s
Who proposed and theorized photoelectric effect?
Albert Einstein
Who demonstrated and proved the photoelectric effect?
Robert Millikan
light can exist as either a wave or a particle
Wave-particle duality
Formula: Photoelectric Effect
E = WF + KE
Estimate the energy that each photon possesses as well as the quantity of photons emitted per second from a one-hundred-watt yellow light bulb with
y = 550 nm and a one-kilowatt microwave source with y = cm emitting 1.99x10^-23 J per photon and 5.03x10^25 photons per sec.
A: 3.60x10^-19 J & 2.77x10^20 photons/s
B: 4.64x10^-16 J & 8.01x10^18 photons/s
C: 9.61x10^-20 J & 1.94x10^16 photons/s
D: 5.87x10^-17 J & 3.21x10^21 photons/s
A: 3.60x10^-19 J & 2.77x10^20 photons/s
de Broglie’s wavelength formula
V = h/mv
What is the wavelength of a 40 g Rattan Ball made from Cebu, travelling at 2.0 m/s?
A: 7.33x10-8 ym
B: 8.28x10-9 ym
C: 4.53x10-7 ym
D: 6.28x10-6 ym
B: 8.28x10-9 ym
The precision of knowing a particles momentum indicates that its loci would be impossible to determine is one way of interpreting which among the following?
A: Aufbau Principle
B: Pauli Exclusion Principle
C: Compton Effect
D: Heisenberg Principle
D: Heisenberg Principle
dictates how the electrons of an atoms are distributed
Electron Configuration
no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
principal
shells
azimuthal
subshells
magnetic
orbital
spin
rotation
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
Wolfgang Pauli
Hund’s Rule
Friedrich Hund
electrons close to the nucleus shields outer electrons from the nucleus
Shielding
electrons that can get close to the nucleus
Penetration
also known as building up principle
Aufbau Principle
arrangement in the order or increasing atomic numbers
when a photon collides with an electron, it transfers momentum to the electron which accelerates it to a new velocity
Compton Effect
Which element constituted the need of a new group in the original design of Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?
A: Gallium
B: Argon
C: Mercury
D: Tungsten
B: Argon
Which among the following statements is TRUE?
A: Cadmium and Bromine are both diamagnetic.
B: Cadmium and K^+1 can be affected by an external magnetic force.
C: The potassium and chromium ions are both paramagnetic.
D: Cr^3+ is more affected by an external magnetic force in comparison to Bromine.
D: Cr^3+ is more affected by an external magnetic force in comparison to Bromine.
electrons paired
diamagnetic
electrons unpaired
paramagnetic
What intermolecular forces does CH3CHOHCH3 have?
A: Hydrogen Bonding only
B: London Forces and Hydrogen Bonding
C: Dipole-Dipole Forces and Hydrogen Bonding
D: London Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, and Hydrogen Bonding
D: London Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, and Hydrogen Bonding
tendency of a molecule to acquire an electric dipole moment when subjected to an electric field
Polarizability
How many water molecules can attach to methanol via hydrogen bonding?
A: 2
B: 3
C: 4
D: 5
B: 3
Arrange the following substances in order of increasing magnitude of London Forces: GeCl4, SiCl4, and CCl4.
A: GeCl4 < CCl4 < SiCl4
B: CCl4, GeCl4 <SiCl4
C: CCl4 < SiCl4 < GeCl4
D: SiCl4, GeCl4 < CCl4
C: CCl4 < SiCl4 < GeCl4
Which among the following substances has the highest surface tension?
A:CCl4
B:CH3OH
C:CH3CH2OCH2CH3
D:NOTA
B:CH3OH
Which among the following is the most soluble acid in ethanol?
A: CH3(CH2)14COOH
B: CH3COOH
C: C17H35COOH
D: C18H32O2
B: CH3COOH
lesser C, more soluble
Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
(a.) The internal energy of a system comprises that of the energy of every single microscopic particle that makes up that system
(b.) Heat and work can be conserved in a system by distributing it evenly amongst
the systems constituents
(c.) delta U being equal to the summation of heat and work is an interpretation of the First Law of Thermodynamics
(d.) delta H can be interpreted as the heat transferred under constant volume conditions.
A: False, False, True, True
B: True, True, True, True
C: False, True, True, False
D: True, False, True, False
D: True, False, True, False
work done on the system
positive
work done by the system
negative
heat is absorbed by the system
+ Q
heat is evolved by the system
- Q
Q at constant pressure
Q = dH
Q at constant volume
Q = dU
When methane is combusted with an excess amount of air, carbon dioxide and water vapor is produced. What is the
temperature of the product mixture if both reactants were at an initial temperature of 0 deg C?
A: 1530 deg C
B: 1874 deg C
C: 2238 deg C
D: 2516 deg C
C: 2238 deg C
A 58 kg diabetic chemical engineer was given a project that will be conducted at a summit point with an elevation of 1450 m in Mount Katanglad.
Conscious of his glucose levels, he decided to determine the amount of it that will be metabolized in the climb. For this purpose, he assumed that the work performed is about four times that required in lifting an equal weight body
up the entire elevation. If 70% of the heat from the metabolism of glucose was
efficiently converted to work, how much of it was metabolized?
A: 146 grams
B: 302 grams
C: 582 grams
D: 795 grams
B: 302 grams
an intensive property that dictates the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Units: J/deg C
Heat Capacity
an extensive property, otherwise known as specific heat capacity, which dictates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Units: J/g deg C
Specific Heat
enthalpy change accompanying a reaction wherein reactants in their standard state yield products in their standard state
Standard Enthalpy of Reaction
enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of the substance in its standard
state from its elements in their reference form and standard state
standard enthalpy of formation
most stable form (Physical state, Allotrope) of the element under standard conditions
Reference Form
Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE:
(a.) Ludwig Boltzmann introduced the concept of entropy and elucidated its
behavior in order to explain the
direction of spontaneous change
(b.) When the temperature of a system is increased, the number of feasible microstates decrease, effectively leading
to an increase in entropy
(c.) A process wherein two ideal gases in separate bulbs, both at a pressure of 1 bar, are connected and allowed to expand into the total volume, exhibits a positive change in entropy
A: True, False, True
B: False, False, True
C: True, True, False
D: False, True, False
B: False, False, True
He was able to explain the essence of Entropy. Essentially he answered: What is Entropy?, 27 years after it was introduced.
Ludwig Boltzmann
introduced entropy in 1854 during his work on the
Carnot cycle. Although he wasn’t able to interpret what entropy was, he was able to
show its existence and its behavior
Rudolf Clausius
thermodynamic property that is related to the way in which the energy of a system is distributed among the available energy levels
Entropy
a specific microscopic configuration describing how the particles of a system are distributed among the available energy levels
Microstates
Trends of microstates
Increasing the energy of the system, increase entropy
Increasing the space available to the particles of the system, increases entropy
Which among the following
relationships fully encapsulates the idea of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
A: delta S_system < 0
B: delta S_universe > delta S_system +
delta S_surrounding
C: delta S_universe > 0
D: delta S_system < delta S_surrounding
C: delta S_universe > 0
∆Ssurrounding
-Qsys/Tsurr
criterion for spontaneous change:
∆Suniverse > 0
SPONTANEOUS (+)
criterion for spontaneous change:
∆Suniverse < 0
NON-SPONTANEOUS (-)
criterion for spontaneous change:
∆Suniverse = 0
REVERSIBLE
For each of the following processes, determine the trend of the enthalpy and entropy
(A.) Ethyl Alcohol evaporating from a glass container
(B.) A diatomic molecule dissociates into atoms
(C.) Charcoal is burned to form carbon dioxide and water
A: delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0
B: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0
C: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0
D: delta H < 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S < 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0
C: delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H > 0, delta S > 0; delta H < 0, delta S > 0
Make an educated guess! which among the following substances would closely
obey Trouton’s Rule?
A: Water
B: Toluene
C: Hydrogen Fluoride
D: Butanol
B: Toluene
For the combustion of liquid
acetylene in the presence of oxygen, liquid water and carbon dioxide gas is produced. Given this reaction, which among the following statements is TRUE?
A: Since delta S is positive, delta G is more negative than delta H
B: Since delta S is negative, delta G is more negative than delta H
C: Since delta S is positive, delta G is less negative than delta H
D: Since delta S is negative, delta G is less negative than delta H
D: Since delta S is negative, delta G is less negative than delta H
Gibbs Free Energy:
G < 0
SPONTANEOUS
Gibbs Free Energy:
G > 0
NON-SPONTANEOUS
Gibbs Free Energy:
G = 0
REVERSIBLE
For the following pairs, determine which system has the greater chemical potential
[1] (1A): One mole of liquid water at 100 deg C or (1B): One mole of water vapor at 100 deg C
[2] (2A): 10.0 g of Fe at 2 deg C or (2B): 10.0 g of Fe at 35 deg C
[3] (3A): 25 L of air at 1 atm pressure or (3B): 25 L of air compressed isothermally to 100 atm pressure
A: 1A, 2A, 3A
B: 1B, 2A, 3B
C: 1A, 2B, 3A
D: 1B, 2B, 3B
D: 1B, 2B, 3B
refers to the potential of a substance to change the Gibbs free energy of the system
Chemical Potential
An aqueous solution of mannitol in water has a vapor pressure of 17.504 mmHg
at 20oC, at which temperature, the vapor pressure of pure water is 17.535 mmHg. What is the freezing point depression of
the solution?
A:0.186oC
B:0.194oC
C:0.211oC
D:0.237oC
A:0.186oC
A solution of 3.795 g of sulfur in
100 g of carbon disulfide (Boiling Point = 46.3 deg C) boils at 46.66 deg C. What is the formula of the sulfur molecule in the solution? Use an ebullioscopic constant of 2.42 for carbon disulfide.
A: S2
B: S4
C: S6
D: S8
D: S8
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
Vapor Pressure Lowering
Psoln = (1-Xsolute) Psolvent
vapor pressures
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
Boiling Point Elevation
Tb = Kbm
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
Freezing Point Depression
Tf = Kfm
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
Osmotic Pressure
pi = MRT
kf water
1.86
kb water
0.51
kb ethanol
1.07
kb benzene
2.61
kf benzene
5.07
camphor
40
1000 g of a 1 molal aqueous solution of sucrose is cooled and maintained at a temperature of -3.534 deg C. How much ice, do you approximate, will separate
out from the solution?
A: Less than 200 g
B: Between 300 to 500 g
C: greater than 700 g
D: Inefficient amount of information
B: Between 300 to 500 g
A chef from Makati specializing in molecular gastronomy decided to perform an experiment for fun. He bought a red balloon filled with air and poured liquid nitrogen over it. What will happen to the pressure inside the balloon?
A: It increases
B: It decreases
C: Remains the same
D: Not enough info
B: It decreases
A laboratory analysis requires mixing a variety of solutions. One solution requires mixing 3.00 L of 0.92 M Copper (II) Nitrate with 7.00 L of an unknown concentration of Sodium Hydroxide while a
separate solution is prepared by mixing 2.00 M of Potassium Hydroxide and 12.0 M Oxalic Acid. What are the states of the
Copper(II) Hydroxide and Potassium Oxalate produced?
A: Cu(OH)2 and K2C2O4 are both solids.
B: Cu(OH)2 is a liquid while K2C2O4 is a gas.
C: Cu(OH)2 is a gas while K2C2O4 is a solid.
D: Cu(OH)2 is a solid while K2C2O4 is a liquid.
D: Cu(OH)2 is a solid while K2C2O4 is a liquid.
Several pints of blood were collected during a Red Cross Program across several
universities in Manila. From those collected, a peroxidase enzyme was isolated from a human red blood cell. Performing a quick analysis shows that it contained 0.29% of Selenium. What is the minimum molecular weight of the enzyme?
A: 2.31x10^5
B: 2.75x10^4
C: 3.10x10^6
D: 5.88x10^8
B: 2.75x10^4
Which among the following is the third gas that William Ramsay isolated with Morris Travers?
A: Argon
B: Neon
C: Krypton
D: Xenon
D: Xenon
discovered four new elements and made new group in periodic table
William Ramsay
Sequence of isolation : Morris Travers
Neon Krypton XEnon
1st Neon
2nd Krypton
3rd XEnon
liberated from mineral cleveite
Helium
How many carbon atoms are there in one molecule of “buckyball”?
A: 20 B: 40 C: 60 D: 80
60
