Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT > Inner Ear > Flashcards

Inner Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The inner ear Lies in Petrous Portion of Temporal bone and is composed of the

A
  • bony labyrinth
  • membranous labyrinth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of the BOny Labyrinth
SIZE

A
  • Bony Cochlea 35 mm long, 2.5 turns
  • Vestibule
  • Bony semicircular canals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parts of the Membranous labyrinth

A
  • Cochlear duct
  • Saccule (inferior) and utricle (superior) > both form the endolymphatic duct extended to the dura laterally
  • Membranous semicircular ducts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fluid in the bony labyrinth which is extracellular-like fluid; found in scala tympani and vestibuli

A

Perilymph fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fluid in Membranous Labyrinth that is intracellular-like fluid; found in scala media

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diseases of the inner ear presents with signs and symptoms related to the

A

Cochlea, Vestibular symptoms, or Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Generalizations of the Diseases of the inner ear

A
  • Sudden onset usually present with vestibular symptoms
  • Gradual onset usually present with less or no vertigo
  • Etiologic agents may affect
    + Either the cochlear or vestibular system
    + Some affect one rather than both ears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is Gradual in Onset and Bilateral

A
  • Presbycusis
  • Systemic Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is sudden in onset and bilateral

A
  • Ototoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is fluctuant in onset and unilateral or bilateral

A

Meniere’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is sudden of onset and unilateral

A
  • Trauma
  • Barotrauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is sudden of onset and uni or bilateral

A
  • Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cochlear Diseases that is gradual of onset and uni or bilateral

A

Noise-induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Episodic
HEARING LOSS: Fluctuant

A

Meniere’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Acute, aggravated by head movement
HEARING LOSS: No loss

A

Vestibular neuronitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Recurrent related to position and aggravated by head movement
HEARING LOSS: No loss

A

Benign Positional

17
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Acute
HEARING LOSS: Severe sensorineural hearing loss

A

Acute labyrinthitis

18
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Progressive
HEARING LOSS: Progressive sensorineural hearing loss

A

Acoustic Neuroma

19
Q

Vestibular disorders based on dizziness and hearing

DIZZINESS: Acute and aggravated by head movement
HEARING LOSS: Compatible with presbyacousis

A

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

20
Q
  • Temporary or permanent loss of hearing related to a brief exposure to a sudden loud sound (>90dB) ! such as an explosion
  • Usually recovers within 2 weeks if temporary
A

Acoustic trauma

21
Q
  • Results from exposure to high level of sound for extended period
    Requires noise level of 90dB continuously for 5 hours a day for 2 years
  • Treatment:
    + Prevention is the most important
    + Hearing aid may be used
    + Medical management
A

Noise induced hearing loss

22
Q

Aminoglycosides that are Vestibulotoxic drugs

A
  • ## StreptomycinGentamycin
23
Q

Aminoglycosides that are Cochleotoxic drugs

A
  • ## DihydrostreptomycinKanamycin
  • ## NeomycinTobramycin
  • vancomycin
24
Q

Drugs that affects enzyme synthesis of stria vascularis

A

Diuretics

25
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with systemic disorders

A
  • Congenital syphilis
  • ## DiabetesCollagen diseases
    -
    Hypothyroidism
    -
    Leukemia
    -
    Paget’s disease
    -
    Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
    -
    Sarcoidosis
26
Q
  • Inability of the Eustachian tube to open up and equalize
  • Occurs with atmospheric pressure increase
  • Sudden changes in pressure cause rupture of the tympanic membrane
A

Inner ear/Barotrauma

27
Q

Due to spasm, thrombosis or hemorrhage of the internal auditory artery

A

Ischemia

28
Q
  • hallucination of movement” usually a whirling sensation
    – a more general term and includes light headedness
A
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
29
Q

Positive test when patient losses balance when eyes closed and do not when eyes open

A

Romberg’s Test

30
Q
  • If hot water is irrigated into right ear, px will develop right jerk nystagmus
  • cold water into the right ear- left ear jerk nystagmus
  • If both ears are stimulated for
    + Cold water- upbeat jerk nystagmus
    + Warm water - downbeat jerk nystagmus
A

Caloric Test

31
Q

Type of Vertigo

Peripheral
- Duration:
- Ssx:
- Eye fixation on an object:
- Spontaneous nystagmus:
- Induced nystagmus:

A
  • Duration: Intermittent
    Hours to days
  • Ssx: negative
  • Eye fixation on an object: Suppresses nystagmus
  • Spontaneous nystagmus: fatigable
  • Induced nystagmus: Fatigable
    Duration < 1 min
    Follow COWS
32
Q

Type of Vertigo

Central
- Duration:
- Ssx:
- Eye fixation on an object:
- Spontaneous nystagmus:
- Induced nystagmus:

A
  • Duration: Persistent
    Weeks to months
  • Ssx: present
  • Eye fixation on an object: No effect
  • Spontaneous nystagmus: Non-fatigable
  • Induced nystagmus: Non-fatigable
    Duration < 1 min
    Doesn’t follow COWS
33
Q

Peripheral causes of vertigo with Hearing Loss

  • ## Schwannoma of the eight nerveSNHL is progressive and persistent
    -
    Vertigo less prominent
    -
    Unilateral
  • Tests:
  • PTA
    + CT scan (>1.5cm in size)
    + MRI (<1cm in size)
    + ABR
  • Treatment:
    Surgical excision
A

Acoustic Neuroma

34
Q

Peripheral causes of vertigo with Hearing Loss

  • ## Brief (<1min) of severe vertigopathogenesis – otoconia of utricle is loose and moves with changes in position (cupolithiasis)
  • Etiology – closed head injury, degenerative changes, stapes surgery
  • Provoked by positional tests
A

Benign Positional Vertigo

35
Q

Peripheral causes of vertigo with Hearing Loss

  • Vertigo lasting for days
  • May or may not have history of viral infection
  • Clinical exams: normal PTA but decreased calorics
A

Vestibular neuritis

36
Q

Peripheral causes of vertigo with Hearing Loss

  • Etiology not known
  • ## Due to increased endolymphRare in childhood
  • Triad: intermittent SNHL, tinnitus, vertigo
  • ## Severe vertigo in later stagesPatient is normal in between attacks
  • Treatment
    Medical,
    Surgical
A

Meniere’s disease

37
Q

Central causes of vertigo

A
  • Tumors
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Epilepsy
  • Vascular problems:
    + Posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion
    +
    Basilar migraine
    + Vertebrobasilar insufficiency

ENT (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions