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ENT > EXTERNAL EAR > Flashcards

EXTERNAL EAR Flashcards

1
Q
  • Inflammation of the perichondrium
  • Etiology:
    *Ear Piercing
    *Trauma
    *Surgery
  • Causative Organisms:
    1. Pseudomonas
    2.Staphylococcus
  • Treatment
  • Anti-Biotics
  • I & D for Abscess formation
A

PERICHONDRITIS

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2
Q

Blood supply of EXTERNAL EAR

A
  • Anterior auricular artery
  • Posterior auricular artery
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3
Q
  • Seen as a small pit along the anterior margin of ascending limb of helix
  • The tract usually blends with the perichondrium of auricle
  • Sinus tract is Usually superior and lateral to facial nerve and parotid gland
  • Subcutaneous cyst formation in the area Is common
A

Preauricular sinus

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4
Q

Preauricular sinus theories

A
  • Embryological fusion: Incomplete fusion of Hillocks
  • Ectodermal infolding: Isolated ectodermal infolding
  • Incomplete closure of dorsal part of first pharyngeal
    groove: (accepted)
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5
Q
  • Begins during the 6th week of gestation
  • Begins from 6 hillocks (Hillocks of His)
A

Pinna

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6
Q
  • Product of the sebaceous and ceruminous glands of the external ear
  • Types: wet or dry
A

CERUMEN

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7
Q

Functions of CERUMEN

A
  1. lubrication
  2. prevents aryness
  3. antibacterial
  4. protection
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8
Q

Symptoms of CERUMEN

A
  1. ear fullness
  2. ear pain or otalgia
  3. hearing loss
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9
Q

OTITIS EXTERNA Predisposing factors:

A

1 change in pH of canal skin
2. environmental changes
3. mild trauma

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10
Q

OTITIS EXTERNA Types:

A
  1. acute circumscribed ofitis externa/ furunculosis
  2. diffuse otitis externa
  3. malignant otitis externa
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11
Q
  • Furunculosis
  • Cause: infection of sebaceous follicle of EAC usually
    by Staph. aureus
  • Signs/ symptoms:
    + pain
    + tenderness on manipulation
    + decreased hearing
    + purulent ear discharge
    + circumscribed swelling
A

ACUTE CIRCUMSCRIBED OTITIS EXTERNA

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12
Q

Otitis media

  • Pain:
  • Tenderness on manipulation
  • fever
  • Hx of URTI
  • Hx of ear manipulation
  • Hearing
  • Mastoid x-ray
A
  • Pain: not as severe
  • Tenderness on manipulation: (-)
  • fever: usually (+)
  • Hx of URTI: (+)
  • Hx of ear manipulation: (-)
  • Hearing: impaired
  • Mastoid x-ray: mastoiditis
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13
Q

Otitis externa

  • Pain:
  • Tenderness on manipulation
  • fever
  • Hx of URTI
  • Hx of ear manipulation
  • Hearing
  • Mastoid x-ray
A
  • Pain: very severe
  • Tenderness on manipulation: present
  • fever: usually absent
  • Hx of URTI: (-)
  • Hx of ear manipulation: (+)
  • Hearing: not impaired
  • Mastoid x-ray: normal
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14
Q
  • “swimmer’s ear’
  • Secondary to acute or Chronic otitis media
  • Ear manipulation
  • Eflologic agents:
  • Pseudomonas other gram-negative organisms
A

DIFFUSE OTITIS EXTERNA

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15
Q

Signs/ symptoms of DIFFUSE OTITIS EXTERNA

A
  1. pain
  2. tenderness on manipulation
  3. scanty ear discharge
  4. diffuse swelling of whole ear canal *
  5. decreased hearing — occasionally
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16
Q
  • An acute Pseudomonas infection of the skin of the external ear canal, which spread to the adjacent bone.
    (Deep seated pain for more than a month).
  • Life-threatening; osteomyelitis of temporal bone
  • can spread via fissures of Santorini or tympanomastoid fissure
  • Triad: 1- ear discharge “Several weeks of purulent oforrhea with granulations”, 2- headache (esp at night), 3- Immunocompromised pt.
A

MALIGNANT OTITIS EXTERNA/Acute Necrotizing OE, Skull Base Osteomyelitis

17
Q
  1. pain on manipulation
  2. TMJ pain
  3. deep tenderness on palpation beneath the ear
  4. otoscopy: intact TM; bone & cartilage destruction; granulation tissues
  5. cranial nerve problem especially VII —ominous sign
  6. intracranial complications
A

MALIGNANT OTITIS EXTERNA

18
Q

Treatment of MALIGNANT OTITIS EXTERNA

A
  1. local debridement
    2.IV gentamycin and carbenicillin
  2. pesistence or extension of infection > local excision
19
Q

causes
1. ear cleaning with contaminated implements
2. diabetics
3. immunocompromised patients
4.normal flora affected
- Etiologic agents:
- Aspergillus
- Candida

A

Ostomycosis

20
Q
  1. itchiness
  2. diffuse swelling of EAC
  3. mycelia or soorangia
  4. discharge
  5. decreased hearing — occasionally
A

Ostomycosis

21
Q
  • etiologies:
    1. secondary to probing
    2. too forceful syringing of ear
    3. forceful change of oressure in the EAC
  • Signs/ symptoms
    + sudden pain and bleeding
A

Traumatic rupture of TM

22
Q

Traumatic rupture of TM treatment:

A
  1. most heals soontaneously
  2. cauterize edges
  3. cigarette paper as scaffold
  4. myringoplasty
23
Q

Bony, fibrocartilagenous channel through which air passes between the pharynx and the tympanic cavity thus equalizing air pressure on the two surfaces of the air Crum.

A

Eustacnian Tube

24
Q

EUstacnian Tube supports

A
  • outer 1/3 - Bony part
  • inner 2/3 - Cartilagenous part
    > usually closed but opens during swallowing
25
Q
  • near tympanic cavity
    > simple cuboidal to simple columnar ciliated
  • near pharynx
    > ciliated pseudostratified columnar
    > NUMeErous lymph nodes
A

Mucous membrane of Eustacnian Tube

26
Q
  • Inflammatory condition involves the lateral surface of the TM and the medial portion of the canal wall.
  • lt typically occurs in association with upper respiratory infections
  • Clinical manifestations: > Severe otalgia; > Serosanguinous otorrhea; > hearing loss
  • Treatment includes analgesics, topical antibiotic/steroid drops to prevent bacterial superinfection.
A

Bullous Myringitis

27
Q
  • An abnormal, OB noncancerous skin growth that can
    develop in the middle section of your ear, behind the eardrum.
  • May be a birth defect, but it’s most commonly caused — by repeated middle ear infections.
  • Often develops as a cyst, or sac, that sheds layers of old skin.
A

Chronic Otitis Media With Cholesteatoma

ENT (9 decks)

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