Innate response: Th1 and Th2 Flashcards
Name 3 barrier components of the innate immune system
- Skin
- Mucous membrane
- Normal flora
If there is a cut, what is the first line defence against pathogens?
The wound bleeds out to wash out pathogens
Once bleeding has begun, what is the next stage of defense against pathogens
Resident macrophages and the injured tissues initiate an inflammatory reponse
What cells are recruited by resident macrophages?
- IL-1
- TNF- alpha
- IL-6
- IL-8
What are pattern recognition receptors?
A receptor on an antigen-presenting cell of the immune system that recognizes molecular sequences found on disease-causing organisms but not host cells.
AKA- TLR
What do TLR 1 and 2’s recognise?
Gram positive bacteria and yeast
What do TLR 3 recognise
Double stranded RNA
What do TLR 4s recognise
LPS (gram negative bacteria)
What do TLR 5 recognise?
Flagellin
What do TLR 7 and 8 recognise
Single stranded RNA
What process drives the innate immune response
Inflammation
Does the first line immune response have memory
No
What cell is the most efficient antigen presenting cell for the initiation of adaptive immune repsonse
Dendritic cells
When do dendrites mature
When there is a ‘danger’ signal- there is a microbial challenge
Where are the following found
a) immature
b) mature
a) Tissue
b) Lymphatic and lymph nodes
Which cells are involved in innate immunity
Macrophage
Dendritic
Mast Cells
Neutrophils
What cells are involved in adaptive immunity
T cells and B cells
What does innate immune system respond to
PAMP- Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
Is a natural killer cell part of the innate or adaptive immune system
Innate- kills pathogens directly
Name a medical condition arising from a defective innate immune system
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Which aspect of the innate immune system is defective in chronic granulomatos disease
Neutrophils
What cell type activates naive T cells
Dendritic cells
What cell types can CD4+ differentiate into?
TH1 and TH2
Where do the dendritic cells travel to in order to activate naive T cells?
Via the lymph nodes
Which interleukin leads to the differentiation of TH1 effector cells, and where does this IL come from?
IL-12 from bacteria and viruses
Whichc interleukin leads to the differentation of TH2 effector cells and where do they come
IL-4 from parasites
What cell is involved in activating cell mediated immunity
IFN- gamma
What cells is in involved in activating humoral immunity?
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
What are the effector cells in cell mediated immunity
Cytotoxic T cells
Macrophages
What are the effector cells in humoral immunity
B cells and antibody production
Which cell is the dominant response in tuberculoid leprosy
Th1
Is tuberculoid leprosy limited or disseminated as a disease
Limited
What kind of cytokines are involved in tuberculoid leprosy
INF- gamma
What cell is the dominant response in lepromatous leprosy
Th2
What cytokines are involved in Th2 response to leprosy
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
What are the 2 manifestations of leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Orient Boils)
- Viceral Leishmaniasis (Black Fever)
What is the dominant response in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Th1
What is the dominant response in visceral leishmaniasis
Th2
What cell is dominant in lepromatous TB
Th1
What cell is dominant in miliary TB
Th2
Which cells are involved in allergic responses
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
Th2–> IL-4—> IgE
Are antibodies involved in cell mediated immunity
No
Briefly describe the process of cell mediated immunity
- APC presents the PAMP to the helper T cell
- Release of cytokines
- Proliferation and activation of various effector cells (macrophages, cytotoxic T cells)
Briefly describe the process of humoural immunity
- B cells activated into plasma cells
- Antibodies
Where are memory cells stored
Bone marrow and lymph nodes for rapid deployment if infection ever reoccurs
