Innate response: Th1 and Th2

Question 1

Name 3 barrier components of the innate immune system

Answer 1

• Skin
• Mucous membrane
• Normal flora

Question 2

If there is a cut, what is the first line defence against pathogens?

Answer 2

The wound bleeds out to wash out pathogens

Question 3

Once bleeding has begun, what is the next stage of defense against pathogens

Answer 3

Resident macrophages and the injured tissues initiate an inflammatory reponse

Question 4

What cells are recruited by resident macrophages?

Answer 4

• IL-1
• TNF- alpha
• IL-6
• IL-8

Question 5

What are pattern recognition receptors?

Answer 5

A receptor on an antigen-presenting cell of the immune system that recognizes molecular sequences found on disease-causing organisms but not host cells.
AKA- TLR

Question 6

What do TLR 1 and 2’s recognise?

Answer 6

Gram positive bacteria and yeast

Question 7

What do TLR 3 recognise

Answer 7

Double stranded RNA

Question 8

What do TLR 4s recognise

Answer 8

LPS (gram negative bacteria)

Question 9

What do TLR 5 recognise?

Answer 9

Flagellin

Question 10

What do TLR 7 and 8 recognise

Answer 10

Single stranded RNA

Question 11

What process drives the innate immune response

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

Does the first line immune response have memory

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What cell is the most efficient antigen presenting cell for the initiation of adaptive immune repsonse

Answer 13

Dendritic cells

Question 14

When do dendrites mature

Answer 14

When there is a ‘danger’ signal- there is a microbial challenge

Question 15

Where are the following found

a) immature
b) mature

Answer 15

a) Tissue

b) Lymphatic and lymph nodes

Question 16

Which cells are involved in innate immunity

Answer 16

Macrophage
Dendritic
Mast Cells
Neutrophils

Question 17

What cells are involved in adaptive immunity

Answer 17

T cells and B cells

Question 18

What does innate immune system respond to

Answer 18

PAMP- Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

Question 19

Is a natural killer cell part of the innate or adaptive immune system

Answer 19

Innate- kills pathogens directly

Question 20

Name a medical condition arising from a defective innate immune system

Answer 20

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 21

Which aspect of the innate immune system is defective in chronic granulomatos disease

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

What cell type activates naive T cells

Answer 22

Dendritic cells

Question 23

What cell types can CD4+ differentiate into?

Answer 23

TH1 and TH2

Question 24

Where do the dendritic cells travel to in order to activate naive T cells?

Answer 24

Via the lymph nodes

Question 25

Which interleukin leads to the differentiation of TH1 effector cells, and where does this IL come from?

Answer 25

IL-12 from bacteria and viruses

Question 26

Whichc interleukin leads to the differentation of TH2 effector cells and where do they come

Answer 26

IL-4 from parasites

Question 27

What cell is involved in activating cell mediated immunity

Answer 27

IFN- gamma

Question 28

What cells is in involved in activating humoral immunity?

Answer 28

IL-4 IL-5 IL-13

Question 29

What are the effector cells in cell mediated immunity

Answer 29

Cytotoxic T cells | Macrophages

Question 30

What are the effector cells in humoral immunity

Answer 30

B cells and antibody production

Question 31

Which cell is the dominant response in tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 31

Th1

Question 32

Is tuberculoid leprosy limited or disseminated as a disease

Answer 32

Limited

Question 33

What kind of cytokines are involved in tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 33

INF- gamma

Question 34

What cell is the dominant response in lepromatous leprosy

Answer 34

Th2

Question 35

What cytokines are involved in Th2 response to leprosy

Answer 35

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 36

What are the 2 manifestations of leishmaniasis

Answer 36

- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Orient Boils) | - Viceral Leishmaniasis (Black Fever)

Question 37

What is the dominant response in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 37

Th1

Question 38

What is the dominant response in visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 38

Th2

Question 39

What cell is dominant in lepromatous TB

Answer 39

Th1

Question 40

What cell is dominant in miliary TB

Answer 40

Th2

Question 41

Which cells are involved in allergic responses

Answer 41

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions | Th2--> IL-4---> IgE

Question 42

Are antibodies involved in cell mediated immunity

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Briefly describe the process of cell mediated immunity

Answer 43

- APC presents the PAMP to the helper T cell - Release of cytokines - Proliferation and activation of various effector cells (macrophages, cytotoxic T cells)

Question 44

Briefly describe the process of humoural immunity

Answer 44

- B cells activated into plasma cells | - Antibodies

Question 45

Where are memory cells stored

Answer 45

Bone marrow and lymph nodes for rapid deployment if infection ever reoccurs