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CSP 3 > Innate response: Th1 and Th2 > Flashcards

Innate response: Th1 and Th2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 barrier components of the innate immune system

A
  • Skin
  • Mucous membrane
  • Normal flora
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2
Q

If there is a cut, what is the first line defence against pathogens?

A

The wound bleeds out to wash out pathogens

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3
Q

Once bleeding has begun, what is the next stage of defense against pathogens

A

Resident macrophages and the injured tissues initiate an inflammatory reponse

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4
Q

What cells are recruited by resident macrophages?

A
  • IL-1
  • TNF- alpha
  • IL-6
  • IL-8
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5
Q

What are pattern recognition receptors?

A

A receptor on an antigen-presenting cell of the immune system that recognizes molecular sequences found on disease-causing organisms but not host cells.
AKA- TLR

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6
Q

What do TLR 1 and 2’s recognise?

A

Gram positive bacteria and yeast

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7
Q

What do TLR 3 recognise

A

Double stranded RNA

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8
Q

What do TLR 4s recognise

A

LPS (gram negative bacteria)

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9
Q

What do TLR 5 recognise?

A

Flagellin

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10
Q

What do TLR 7 and 8 recognise

A

Single stranded RNA

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11
Q

What process drives the innate immune response

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

Does the first line immune response have memory

A

No

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13
Q

What cell is the most efficient antigen presenting cell for the initiation of adaptive immune repsonse

A

Dendritic cells

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14
Q

When do dendrites mature

A

When there is a ‘danger’ signal- there is a microbial challenge

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15
Q

Where are the following found

a) immature
b) mature

A

a) Tissue

b) Lymphatic and lymph nodes

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16
Q

Which cells are involved in innate immunity

A

Macrophage
Dendritic
Mast Cells
Neutrophils

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17
Q

What cells are involved in adaptive immunity

A

T cells and B cells

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18
Q

What does innate immune system respond to

A

PAMP- Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

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19
Q

Is a natural killer cell part of the innate or adaptive immune system

A

Innate- kills pathogens directly

20
Q

Name a medical condition arising from a defective innate immune system

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

21
Q

Which aspect of the innate immune system is defective in chronic granulomatos disease

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

What cell type activates naive T cells

A

Dendritic cells

23
Q

What cell types can CD4+ differentiate into?

A

TH1 and TH2

24
Q

Where do the dendritic cells travel to in order to activate naive T cells?

A

Via the lymph nodes

25
Q

Which interleukin leads to the differentiation of TH1 effector cells, and where does this IL come from?

A

IL-12 from bacteria and viruses

26
Q

Whichc interleukin leads to the differentation of TH2 effector cells and where do they come

A

IL-4 from parasites

27
Q

What cell is involved in activating cell mediated immunity

A

IFN- gamma

28
Q

What cells is in involved in activating humoral immunity?

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

29
Q

What are the effector cells in cell mediated immunity

A

Cytotoxic T cells

Macrophages

30
Q

What are the effector cells in humoral immunity

A

B cells and antibody production

31
Q

Which cell is the dominant response in tuberculoid leprosy

A

Th1

32
Q

Is tuberculoid leprosy limited or disseminated as a disease

A

Limited

33
Q

What kind of cytokines are involved in tuberculoid leprosy

A

INF- gamma

34
Q

What cell is the dominant response in lepromatous leprosy

A

Th2

35
Q

What cytokines are involved in Th2 response to leprosy

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

36
Q

What are the 2 manifestations of leishmaniasis

A
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Orient Boils)

- Viceral Leishmaniasis (Black Fever)

37
Q

What is the dominant response in cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Th1

38
Q

What is the dominant response in visceral leishmaniasis

A

Th2

39
Q

What cell is dominant in lepromatous TB

A

Th1

40
Q

What cell is dominant in miliary TB

A

Th2

41
Q

Which cells are involved in allergic responses

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Th2–> IL-4—> IgE

42
Q

Are antibodies involved in cell mediated immunity

A

No

43
Q

Briefly describe the process of cell mediated immunity

A
  • APC presents the PAMP to the helper T cell
  • Release of cytokines
  • Proliferation and activation of various effector cells (macrophages, cytotoxic T cells)
44
Q

Briefly describe the process of humoural immunity

A
  • B cells activated into plasma cells

- Antibodies

45
Q

Where are memory cells stored

A

Bone marrow and lymph nodes for rapid deployment if infection ever reoccurs

CSP 3 (9 decks)

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